Fig. 1

Bufalin inhibited ICC cell viability and metastasis. A-B CCK8 assay. In L02, HCCC-9810, RBE, and QBC-939 cells, bufalin resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability compared to controls. Bufalin had no significant effect on the activity of L02 cells. C Cell cloning of HCCC-9810, RBE, and QBC-939 cells exposed to bufalin at different concentrations and controls was analyzed. D Statistical analysis of cell proliferation capacity in cell cloning experiments. E Transwell was analyzed in HCCC-9810, RBE, and QBC-939 cells exposed to bufalin for different time or control. F Statistical analysis of the cell migration in the scratch wound healing assays. G Wound healing was analyzed in HCCC-9810, RBE, and QBC-939 cells exposed to bufalin for different time or control. H Statistical analysis of the cell migration in the scratch wound healing assays. I Western blot analysis of expression of metastasis related proteins N-cadherin and Vimentin in HCCC-9810, RBE, and QBC-939 cells exposed to bufalin or control. J The quantification of western blot. Protein levels were normalized to tubulin. All results were presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01