Fig. 8

Metabolite interference alleviates intrauterine inflammatory phenotypes affecting perinatal adverse reactions. Animal models were established and pyruvic acid treatment was administrated as described in the M&M section. A Histopathological characteristics of mice placenta tissues were examined using H&E staining; decidua and labyrinth zones are shown. B Apoptosis in the decidua and labyrinth zones of mouse placenta tissues was examined using TUNEL stainin€. C Placental oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal levels in mice placenta tissues were examined using ELISA. D The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in mice placenta tissues were examined using ELISA. Control = 6, LPS = 15, LPS+ pyruvic acid = 15. **p < 0.01 vs. control group; ^##p < 0.01 vs. LPS group