Fig. 4From: The complexity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), hypoxic, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell signaling in chronic kidney diseaseCKD interventions associated with altered NAD metabolism in mouse models. (1) Gavage treatment with N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) murine model ameliorated renal fibrosis. (2) Renal fibrosis was ameliorated in UUO models by nicotinamide n-methyltransferase (NNMT) deficiency or injections of NNMT-expressing plasmids. (3) Intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide reduced fibrosis and injury in UUO and ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) models, respectively. (4) Oral or intraperitoneal nicotinamide riboside ameliorates murine I/R or cisplatin induced injury and fibrosis. (5) Intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide reduced fibrosis and inflammation and improved kidney function in murine I/R and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) injury modelsBack to article page