Fig. 4

Causal relationships between AAs and CVDs with strong evidence in the EAS population. Due to the small number of eligible instrumental variables, there were inconsistencies between the estimates of CIs and P-values for several results. AA amino acid, CVD cardiovascular disease, CI confidence interval, EAS East Asian, IVW-MRE inverse variance weighted with multiple random effect, MR Mendelian randomization, OR odds ratio, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism