Table 3 Performance of LPAIDS in different validation datasets

Accuracy (95% CI)

0·956 (0·951–0·960)

0·949 (0·944–0·954)

0·951 (0·946–0·956)

0·984 (0·981–0·988)

0·980 (0·975–0·985)

0·976 (0·970–0·982)

Sensitivity (95% CI)

0·948 (0·941–0·955)

0·961 (0·950–0·971)

0·920 (0·893–0·948)

0·927 (0·896–0·959)

0·986 (0·972–1·000)

0·901 (0·868–0·933)

Specificity (95% CI)

0·964 (0·958–0·970)

0·946 (0·941–0·952)

0·953 (0·948–0·958)

0·987 (0·984–0·990)

0·979 (0·974–0·984)

0·986 (0·982–0·991)

PPV (95% CI)

0·965 (0·959–0·971)

0·793 (0·773–0·813)

0·538 (0·500–0·577)

0·796 (0·751–0·841)

0·821 (0·780–0·862)

0·898 (0·865–0·930)

NPV (95% CI)

0·946 (0·939–0·953)

0·991 (0·989–0·994)

0·995 (0·993–0·997)

0·996 (0·994–0·998)

0·999 (0·997–1·000)

0·987 (0·982–0·991)

AUC

0·974

0·980

0·965

0·971

0·987

0·974