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Table 1 Demographics and comparisons between AAC status and severity among covariates

From: The association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour with abdominal aortic calcification

Characteristic

All (n = 2843) (%)

AAC

No (n = 1981) (% of All)

Yes

p-Value

Yes/No

p-Value

Severe/non-Severe

All yes (n = 862) (% of all)

non-SAAC (n = 601) (% of all Yes)

SAAC (n = 261) (% of all Yes)

Age (years)

     

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

 40–59

1526 (53.68)

1237 (81.06)

289 (18.94)

257 (88.93)

32 (11.07)

  

 60+

1317 (46.32)

744 (56.49)

573 (43.51)

344 (60.03)

229 (39.97)

  

Sex (%)

     

0.308

0.286

 Male

1377 (48.43)

947 (68.77)

430 (31.23)

307 (71.40)

123 (28.60)

  

 Female

1466 (51.57)

1034 (70.53)

432 (29.47)

294 (68.06)

138 (31.94)

  

Race (%)

     

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

 Mexican American

347 (12.21)

264 (76.08)

83 (23.92)

59 (71.08)

24 (28.92)

  

 Other Hispanic

256 (9.00)

191 (74.61)

65 (25.39)

54 (83.08)

11 (16.92)

  

 Non-Hispanic White

1286 (45.23)

812 (63.14)

474 (36.86)

303 (63.92)

171 (36.08)

  

 Non-Hispanic Black

567 (19.94)

425 (74.96)

142 (25.04)

107 (75.35)

35 (24.65)

  

 Non-Hispanic Asian

330 (11.61)

248 (75.15)

82 (24.85)

65 (79.27)

17 (20.73)

  

 Other Race

57 (2.00)

41 (71.93)

16 (28.07)

13 (81.25)

3 (18.75)

  

BMI status

     

< 0.001***

0.112

 Normal (< 25 kg/m2)

806 (28.35)

548 (67.99)

258 (32.01)

171 (66.28)

87 (33.72)

  

 Overweight (≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2)

1033 (36.33)

677 (65.54)

356 (34.46)

245 (68.82)

111 (31.18)

  

 Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2)

1004 (35.31)

756 (75.30)

248 (24.70)

185 (74.60)

63 (25.40)

  

Marital status (%)

     

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

 Married/Living with partner

1799 (63.28)

1304 (72.48)

495 (27.52)

369 (74.55)

126 (25.45)

  

 Single

1044 (36.72)

677 (64.85)

367 (35.15)

232 (63.22)

135 (36.78)

  

Education level (%)

     

0.034*

0.346

 High school degree/equivalency or less

1258 (44.25)

851 (67.65)

407 (32.35)

274 (67.32)

133 (32.68)

  

 Some college or associates degree

822 (28.91)

572 (69.59)

250 (30.41)

179 (71.60)

71 (28.40)

  

 College Graduate or above

763 (26.84)

558 (73.13)

205 (26.87)

148 (72.20)

57 (27.80)

  

PIR

     

0.002**

0.535

 <1.38

886 (31.16)

609 (68.74)

277 (31.26)

190 (68.59)

87 (31.41)

  

 ≥1.38 and < 3.99

1129 (39.71)

757 (67.05)

372 (32.95)

256 (68.82)

116 (31.18)

  

 ≥3.99

828 (29.12)

615 (74.28)

213 (25.72)

155 (72.77)

58 (27.2)

  

Smoking (%)

     

< 0.001***

0.014*

 Never

1503 (52.87)

1112 (73.99)

391 (26.01)

290 (74.17)

101 (25.83)

  

 Former

803 (28.24)

513 (63.89)

290 (36.11)

185 (63.79)

105 (36.21)

  

 Now

537 (18.89)

356 (66.29)

181 (33.71)

126 (69.61)

55 (30.39)

  

Diabetes (%)

     

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

 Yes

668 (23.50)

400 (59.88)

268 (40.12)

165 (61.57)

103 (38.43)

  

 No

2175 (76.50)

1581 (72.69)

594 (27.31)

436 (73.40)

158 (26.60)

  

Hypertension (%)

     

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

 Yes

1367 (48.08)

839 (61.38)

528 (38.62)

332 (62.88)

196 (37.12)

  

 No

1476 (51.92)

1142 (77.85)

334 (22.15)

269 (80.54)

65 (19.46)

  
  1. Data is presented as proportions for categorical variables, n (%)
  2. p-Value indicates varying proportions of AAC or AAC severity based on sex, age, race, BMI status, marital status, education, poverty level, smoking status, diabetes, and hypertension
  3. Analysis conducted: Chi-square test
  4.  AAC abdominal aortic calcification; SAAC severe abdominal aortic calcification; BMI body mass index; PIR poverty income ratio
  5. *p < .05;
  6. **p < .01;
  7. ***p < .001