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Table 7 Biochemical parameters (mean ± SD) at enrolling visit (week -4) and week 8 in VLCKD and HBD group

From: Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet vs hypocaloric balanced diet in the prevention of high-frequency episodic migraine: the EMIKETO randomized, controlled trial

 

VLCKsD

HBD

F, p-value

WBC

 Week -4

6.60 ± 1.41

6.22 ± 6.01

F = 1.544, 0.221

 Week 8

5.93 ± 1.25

6.01 ± 1.58

 Δ

− 0.67 ± 1.00* p = 0.001

− 0.21 ± 1.48

Hematocrit

 Week -4

42.3 ± 8.97

41.54 ± 3.43

F = 0.053, 0.818

 Week 8

41.47 ± 2.46

41.27 ± 4.06

 Δ

− 0.84 ± 9.69

-0.26 ± 2.67

PLT

 Week -4

278.54 ± 75.38

242.37 ± 62.41

F = 0.018, 0.895

 Week 8

251.03 ± 65.96

237.31 ± 58.96

 Δ

− 27.5 ± 46.23* p = 0.004

− 5.06 ± 16.60

Neutrophils

 Week -4

3.88 ± 1.04

3.62 ± 1.21

F = 0.728, 0.398

 Week 8

3.40 ± 0.87

3.38 ± 1.19

 Δ

-0.48 ± 0.73* p = 0.002

− 0.24 ± 1.15

Lymphocytes

 Week -4

2.11 ± 0.44

2.08 ± 0.46

F = 1.096, 0.301

 Week 8

2.03 ± 0.44

2.11 ± 0.41

 Δ

− 0.08 ± 0.36

0.03 ± 0.33

Monocytes

 Week -4

0.39 ± 0.14

0.35 ± 0.11

F = 2.701, 0.108

 Week 8

0.31 ± 0.13

0.33 ± 0.10

 Δ

− 0.08 ± 0.10* p < 0.001

− 0.02 ± 0.13

Glycemia

 Week -4

99.11 ± 8.64

96.00 ± 11.03

F = 1.041, 0.313

 Week 8

96.78 ± 9.34

96.59 ± .7.92

 Δ

− 2.32 ± 8.38

0.59 ± 10.61

AST

 Week -4

18.28 ± 6.54

19.76 ± 5.59

F = 1.048, 0.312

 Week 8

19.11 ± 6.52

18.29 ± 6.60

 Δ

0.82 ± 7.14

− 1.12 ± 3.97

ALT

 Week -4

20.64 ± 11.87

23.29 ± 13.64

F = 2.332, 0.134

 Week 8

21.28 ± 12.97

18.29 ± 6.60

 Δ

0.64 ± 13.60

− 5.00 ± 8.71* p = 0.031

GGT

 Week -4

22.50 ± 13.22

19.00 ± 7.66

F = 1.475, 0.231

 Week 8

18.28 ± 12.08

17.23 ± 6.01

 Δ

− 4.21 ± 7.29* p = 0.005

− 1.77 ± 5.08

Creatinine

 Week -4

0.69 ± 0.11

0.72 ± 0.12

F = 0.943, 0.337

 Week 8

0.69 ± 0.09

0.74 ± 0.13

 Δ

− 0.003 ± 0.12

0.03 ± 0.08

Uric acid

 Week -4

4.32 ± 1.35

4.52 ± 0.80

F = 0.443, 0.509

 Week 8

4.50 ± 1.14

4.50 ± 0.77

 Δ

0.17 ± 1.16

− 0.01 ± 0.41

CRP

 Week -4

4.91 ± 5.89

3.63 ± 2.80

F = 1.090, 0.302

  Week -8

3.56 ± 4.60

4.39 ± 8.94

 Δ

− 1.34 ± 3.78

0.75 ± 9.53

NLR

 Week -4

1.87 ± 0.56

1.75 ± 0.47

F = 0.002, 0.964

 Week 8

1.71 ± 0.51

1.59 ± 0.47

 Δ

− 0.17 ± 0.43

− 0.16 ± 0.48

PLR

 Week -4

136.74 ± 43.67

120.97 ± 38.23

F = 0.158, 0.693

 Week 8

128.18 ± 41.11

116.15 ± 35.16

 Δ

-8.55 ± 33.62

-4.82 ± 21.92

CD3 + T lymphocytes

 Week -4

62.04 ± 13.65

63.80 ± 10.20

F = 0.000, 0.992

 Week 8

66.83 ± 12.70

68.53 ± 10.91

 Δ

4.79 ± 18.57

4.73 ± 9.89

CD4 + T lymphocytes

 Week -4

60.00 ± 11.91

64.60 ± 13.94

F = 0.224, 0.639

 Week 8

63.04 ± 15.90

64.87 ± 13.03

 Δ

3.0419.37

0.27 ± 14.90

CD8 + T lymphocytes

 Week -4

29.95 ± 10.36

26.20 ± 10.52

F = 1.083, 0.305

 Week 8

27.58 ± 12.61

28.47 ± 10.68

 Δ

− 2.37 ± 14.39

2.26 ± 12.03

CD19 + B lymphocytes

 Week -4

18.77 ± 10.13

16.87 ± 9.98

F = 0.020, 0.888

 Week 8

15.02 ± 12.16

12.47 ± 8.88

 Δ

− 3.75 ± 15.27

− 4.40 ± 11.53

CD3- CD16 + CD56 + NK cells

 Week -4

15.80 ± 10.94

15.73 ± 7.33

F = 0.758, 0.390

 Week 8

13.94 ± 7.47

17.67 ± 10.22

 Δ

− 1.86 ± 14.15

1.93 ± 11.83

Naïve CD4 + T lymphocytes

 Week -4

22.20 ± 14.24

20.0 ± 9.21

F = 0.012, 0.912

 Week 8

26.45 ± 14.21

23.60 ± 11.47

 Δ

4.24 ± 18.69

3.60 ± 15.65

Naïve CD8 + T lymphocytes

 Week -4

30.30 ± 15.66

25.13 ± 13.67

F = 0.478, 0.494

 Week 8

30.77 ± 14.21

30.62 ± 13.23

 Δ

0.47 ± 22.52

5.49 ± 21.24

Regulatory T cells

 Week -4

1.01 ± 1.20

1.08 ± 1.41

F = 1.891, 0.178

 Week 8

1.12 ± 1.20

0.40 ± 0.50

 Δ

0.10 ± 1.75

− 0.68 ± 1.59

Th17 lymphocytes

 Week -4

0.32 ± 0.31

0.27 ± 0.24

F = 2.262, 0.150

 Week 8

0.22 ± 0.21

0.50 ± 0.64

 Δ

− 0.10 ± 0.41

0.23 ± 0.55