Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

Table 4 Sensitivity analyses on the association of diabetes risk reduction diet score with the risk of renal cancer

Categories	HR _{Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1} (95% CI)^a	P_-trend
Excluded participants with a family history of renal cancer^b	0.69 (0.52, 0.92)	0.006
Excluded participants with a history of diabetes^c	0.74 (0.55, 0.99)	0.024
Exclude 32 cases with renal pelvis cancer	0.72 (0.54, 0.97)	0.020
Excluded cases observed within the first 2 years of follow-up	0.69 (0.50, 0.93)	0.005
Excluded cases observed within the first 3 years of follow-up	0.68 (0.49, 0.94)	0.008
Further adjusted for Healthy Eating Index-2015^d	0.69 (0.48, 0.99)	0.035
Further adjusted for weight change^e	0.71 (0.53, 0.93)	0.007

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval
^aHRs were adjusted for age (years), sex (male, female), race (white, non-white), marital status (married or living as married, no), educational level (college below, college graduate, postgraduate), body mass index (kg/m²), smoking status (never, current, former), smoking pack-years (continuous), alcohol consumption (g/day), ibuprofen use (no, yes), arm (intervention, control), family history of renal cancer (no, yes), history of diabetes (no, yes), history of hypertension (no, yes) and energy intake from diet (kcal/day)
^bHR was not adjusted for history of renal comorbidity
^cHR was not adjusted for history of diabetes
^dThis covariate was treated as the continuous variable in multivariable Cox regression
^eWeight change, defined as the participant's baseline weight minus weight at age 20, which was used as a proxy for BMI to be included in the analysis in the COX regression

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