Table 6 The major research findings of calcium silicate-based bioceramics in RCT

RCT

MTA

MTA exhibits superior sealing properties compared to gutta-percha.

[150, 151]

After 4 years of follow-up, the apical periodontitis tooth treated with MTA root canal filling showed significant healing, normal function, and remained symptom-free.

[152]

The combination treatment of root canal filling with MTA and bone grafting has been shown to effectively improve the condition of endo-perio lesions.

[153]

Root canal filling with MTA has shown to increase resistance to root fracture compared to gutta-percha.

[154, 155]

MTA possesses the ability to combat Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis to reduce the probability of root canal retreatment.

[58] [156]

No postoperative pain was observed after root canal filling with MTA.

[157]

The quality requirements for root canal filling with MTA were similar to those for gutta-percha.

[158]

The technique used for MTA root canal filling could influence the porosity rate.

[154, 156]

Biodentine

Biodentine had a similar elastic modulus to dentin, reinforcing fragile root structures.

[155]

iRoot BP Plus

iRoot BP Plus exhibited significant and comparable antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, similar to MTA.

[58]