Table 1 The major research findings of calcium silicate-based bioceramics in dental pulp capping

Dental pulp capping

MTA

MTA could be used to replace CH because of its ability to promote tissue regeneration and dentin formation.

[29, 30]

MTA possessed outstanding impermeability.

[33, 34]

Grey MTA could induce more obvious dentin bridge than white MTA.

[37]

There was no significant difference between MTA and Biodentine in dental pulp capping.

[39,40,41]

MTA Angelus and ProRoot displayed similar biocompatibility, dentine bridge formation and histologic reaction, but MTA Angelus exhibited a shorter setting time.

[42, 43]

Mixing PCL-FM with MTA could induce greater thickness of dentin bridges and no tooth discoloration.

[44]

Biodentine

Biodentine possessed the characteristics of shorter setting time, easier handling and no teeth discoloration.

[29, 45]

Biodentine could induce higher rates of dentine bridge formation compared to MTA.

[46]

Both Biodentine and MTA could achieve similar success rate in pulp capping.

[39, 47]

High heterogeneity and generally do not observe differences between MTA and Biodentine in dental pulp capping.

[40, 41]

Bioaggregate

The aesthetic outcome and setting time of ProRoot MTA was not as excellent as Bioaggregate.

[47]

iRoot BP Plus

The success rate of dental capping with iRoot BP Plus was 90% at 3 years follow-up and no tooth discoloration were observed.

[49, 50]