Fig. 5

Effect of CpG-ODNs on DNA damage and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells by regulating PARP1/XRCC1 axis. A CCK-8 assay for detection of viability of radiation-treated HK-2 cells in response to CpG-ODN2006 alone or combined with oe-PARP1 or oe-XRCC1. B Caspase activity in radiation-treated HK-2 cells in response to CpG-ODN2006 alone or combined with oe-PARP1 or oe-XRCC1 as determined with enzymatic method. C Immunofluorescence assay to detect the γH2AX-positive cell ratio of radiation-treated HK-2 cells in response to CpG-ODN2006 alone or combined with oe-PARP1 or oe-XRCC1. Blue indicated DAPI fluorescence labeled nucleus, and green indicated labeled γH2AX. D ELISA detection of levels of oxidative stress-related factors (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx) in radiation-treated HK-2 cells in response to CpG-ODN2006 alone or combined with oe-PARP1 or oe-XRCC1. E ELISA detection of MDA levels in radiation-treated HK-2 cells in response to CpG-ODN2006 alone or combined with oe-PARP1 or oe-XRCC1. * P < 0.05 versus HK-2 cells treated with saline + oe-NC. # P < 0.05 versus HK-2 cells treated with CpG-ODN2006 + oe-NC. All cell experiments were repeated three times