Fig. 1

PCA scores plots of Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Proteomics. PCA scores plots have a confidence ellipsis (95%) for each class. The datasets were pre-processed independently for the three modalities: (1) normalized (2) the missing values and zeros were replaced with one-fifth of the minimum value recorded in the data set for that molecule, (3) logarithm values of the base of 10, and (4) autoscaling