Fig. 3

The echocardiographic assessment of the mice heart on D30. Ho, homozygous(n = 5); He, heterozygous(n = 5); WT, wild type(n = 5); LV, left ventricle; CO, cardiac output; SV, stroke volume; E/A, the ratio of the peak values of blood flow velocity through the mitral valve in the early and late diastolic period. EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; FS, fraction shortening of short-axis. A and B are Doppler sonograms and M-mode sonograms of mouse hearts, respectively. C represents the cardiac output (LV trace). D shows the ventricular stroke volume. E refers to the left ventricular diameter at the end of systole and diastole. F shows the ratio of the peak values of blood flow velocity through the mitral valve in the early and late diastolic period. G represents that maximum thickness of the anterior wall (AW) of the left ventricle. The above statistical analysis results showed no significant differences(P > 0.05). H EF represents the ejection fraction. FS represents the fractional shortening of the left ventricle