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Table 2 Association between plant-based diet indices and risk of CRC incidence classified by anatomical subsites

From: Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic predisposition and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study from the UK Biobank

Plant-based diet indices

Proximal colon cancer

Distal colon cancer

Rectal cancer

Cases/

person-years

Incident rate per 1000 pys

HR (95% CI)

Cases/

person-years

Incident rate per 1000 pys

HR (95% CI)

Cases/

person-years

Incident rate per 1000 pys

HR (95% CI)

PDI

         

Q1 (24–46)

195/435,153

0.45

1.00 (ref.)

157/435,237

0.36

1.00 (ref.)

277/434,817

0.64

1.00 (ref.)

Q2 (47–49)

238/500,520

0.48

1.04 (0.86–1.26)

181/500,572

0.36

1.02 (0.82–1.26)

265/500,355

0.53

0.84 (0.71–0.99)

Q3 (50–53)

190/383,024

0.50

1.08 (0.88–1.33)

130/383,131

0.34

0.97 (0.77–1.23)

215/382,902

0.56

0.89 (0.75–1.07)

Q4 (54–77)

237/501,317

0.47

1.05 (0.86–1.27)

164/501,442

0.33

0.96 (0.76–1.20)

235/501,266

0.47

0.76 (0.64–0.91)

P trend *

  

0.6154

  

0.6066

  

0.0093

Per 10 increases

  

0.97 (0.85–1.10)

  

0.91 (0.78–1.05)

  

0.93 (0.88–0.98)

hPDI

         

Q1 (29–50)

202/439,973

0.46

1.00 (ref.)

164/440,025

0.37

1.00 (ref.)

260/439,722

0.59

1.00 (ref.)

Q2 (51–54)

215/452,866

0.47

0.97 (0.80–1.18)

165/452,851

0.36

0.97 (0.78–1.20)

267/452,585

0.59

0.98 (0.83–1.17)

Q3 (55–58)

214/460,191

0.47

0.93 (0.76–1.14)

176/460,322

0.38

1.03 (0.82–1.28)

242/460,146

0.53

0.88 (0.73–1.05)

Q4 (59–82)

229/466,982

0.49

1.01 (0.82–1.23)

127/467,185

0.27

0.77 (0.60–0.98)

223/466,888

0.48

0.84 (0.69–1.01)

P trend *

  

0.9655

  

0.0730

  

0.0330

Per 10 increases

  

1.00 (0.88–1.13)

  

0.91 (0.79–1.06)

  

0.94 (0.88–0.99)

uPDI

         

Q1 (28–51)

199/406,269

0.49

1.00 (ref.)

123/406,531

0.30

1.00 (ref.)

224/406,159

0.55

1.00 (ref.)

Q2 (52–55)

238/455,279

0.52

1.13 (0.93–1.36)

190/455,222

0.42

1.42 (1.13–1.78)

276/455,052

0.61

1.15 (0.96–1.37)

Q3 (56–58)

213/472,971

0.45

1.03 (0.85–1.26)

158/473,084

0.33

1.18 (0.93–1.50)

264/472,754

0.59

1.11 (0.92–1.33)

Q4 (59–79)

210/485,493

0.43

1.16 (0.95–1.42)

161/485,545

0.33

1.30 (1.02–1.65)

228/485,376

0.47

1.04 (0.86–1.26)

P trend *

  

0.2813

  

0.1653

  

0.7960

Per 10 increases

  

1.06 (0.94–1.20)

  

1.07 (0.93–1.24)

  

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

  1. The bold values indicate that the test is significant (P < 0.05)
  2. *Linear trend was tested by treating the plant-based diet index category as a continuous variable
  3. The models adjusted for age (continuous) and sex (female, male), ethnicity (White, mixed, Asian, Black, Chinese, others, or unknown), education (college or university, vocational qualification, upper secondary, lower secondary, others, or unknown), Townsend deprivation index (in quintiles), body mass index (< 18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, or ≥ 30 kg/m2), alcohol frequency (daily or almost daily, 3 or 4 times a week, 1 or 2 times a week, 1 to 3 times a month, special occasions only, never, or unknown), smoking status (never, former, current, or unknown), physical activity (low, moderate, high, or unknown), total energy intake (continuous), polygenic risk score for CRC (continuous), first 10 principal components of ancestry (in Units, continuous), and genotype measurement batch (continuous)
  4. CI confidence interval, CRC colorectal cancer, hPDI healthful plant-based diet index, HR hazard ratio, PDI overall plant-based diet index, uPDI unhealthful plant-based diet index
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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