Fig. 1

Workflow of mNGS for TB detection and malignant prediction on PE samples and the cohort overview. A The illustration of mNGS analysis from PE sample collection to the bioinformatic pipeline is shown, where microbial sequencing reads and human genome reads are used for TB detection (left) and CNV analysis (right), respectively. B The cohort overview shows the subgrouping for TB-detection performance comparison (left) and mNGS-CNV modeling (right). PE: pleural effusion; TB: tuberculosis; CNV: copy number variant; TBP: tuberculous pleurisy; MPE: malignant pleural effusion; LOOCV: leave-one-out cross validation