Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Variable | No | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.58 (45.63,47.52) | 46.87 (45.96,47.79) | 47.46 (46.57,48.35) | 49.69 (48.60,50.78) | < 0.001 | |
Gender % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 6198 | 54.65 (1.26) | 51.84 (1.01) | 48.79 (1.32) | 43.75 (1.07) | |
Female | 6204 | 45.35 (1.26) | 48.16 (1.01) | 51.21 (1.32) | 56.25 (1.07) | |
Race/Ethnicity % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
Non-Hispanic Black | 2652 | 18.41 (1.93) | 9.44 (1.11) | 7.47 (0.87) | 6.90 (0.79) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 5020 | 60.10 (2.78) | 68.38 (2.24) | 70.22 (2.15) | 73.14 (2.12) | |
Mexican American | 1650 | 8.04 (1.03) | 7.88 (1.10) | 8.47 (1.24) | 7.88 (1.27) | |
Others | 3080 | 13.45 (0.97) | 14.31 (1.03) | 13.83 (1.00) | 12.08 (1.08) | |
Education levels % (SE) | 0.012 | |||||
Less than high school | 2575 | 15.03 (1.32) | 13.15 (1.03) | 12.54 (1.07) | 14.60 (1.14) | |
High school diploma | 2733 | 20.77 (1.28) | 19.03 (1.04) | 22.20 (0.96) | 22.15 (1.22) | |
More than high school | 7094 | 64.20 (2.08) | 67.83 (1.57) | 65.26 (1.39) | 63.26 (1.80) | |
Marital status % (SE) | 0.001 | |||||
Married | 7299 | 64.47 (1.17) | 65.80 (1.58) | 62.99 (1.37) | 59.81 (1.31) | |
Single or separated | 5103 | 35.53 (1.17) | 34.20 (1.58) | 37.00 (1.37) | 40.19 (1.31) | |
Alcohol consumption % (SE) | 0.402 | |||||
No | 3410 | 22.35 (1.34) | 21.54 (1.25) | 20.48 (1.41) | 20.39 (1.07) | |
Yes | 8992 | 77.65 (1.34) | 78.46 (1.25) | 79.52 (1.41) | 79.61 (1.07) | |
Use of medication % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 5209 | 44.88 (1.18) | 42.98 (1.24) | 39.62 (1.11) | 34.93 (1.16) | |
Yes | 7193 | 55.12 (1.18) | 57.02 (1.24) | 60.38 (1.11) | 65.07 (1.16) | |
History of cancer % (SE) | 0.016 | |||||
No | 11,257 | 91.30 (0.76) | 89.33 (0.83) | 89.86 (0.77) | 87.37 (0.79) | |
Yes | 1145 | 8.70 (0.76) | 10.67 (0.83) | 10.14 (0.77) | 12.63 (0.79) | |
Family history of diabetes % (SE) | 0.029 | |||||
No | 10,006 | 83.01 (0.97) | 81.22 (1.01) | 78.50 (1.02) | 79.32 (1.23) | |
Yes | 2396 | 16.99 (0.97) | 18.78 (1.01) | 21.50 (1.02) | 20.68 (1.23) | |
Poverty income ratio % (SE) | 0.93 | |||||
< 1 | 2734 | 14.66 (1.10) | 14.82 (1.03) | 14.16 (1.15) | 15.35 (1.27) | |
1 to 2 | 3308 | 20.09 (1.31) | 20.75 (0.99) | 21.01 (1.04) | 21.75 (1.19) | |
2 to 4 | 3210 | 29.09 (1.40) | 28.03 (1.36) | 27.95 (1.53) | 27.51 (1.39) | |
>4 | 3150 | 36.16 (2.44) | 36.39 (2.13) | 36.89 (2.11) | 35.39 (1.97) | |
Smoking status % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
Never smoker | 6973 | 58.45 (1.51) | 58.08 (1.20) | 56.17 (1.27) | 50.87 (1.55) | |
Former smoker | 2937 | 23.64 (1.36) | 23.87 (1.04) | 25.17 (0.87) | 26.91 (1.33) | |
Current smoker | 2492 | 17.91 (1.17) | 18.05 (1.08) | 18.66 (1.06) | 22.22 (1.07) | |
Physical activity % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
Inactive | 3039 | 18.05 (1.24) | 19.57 (0.94) | 20.28 (1.14) | 25.55 (0.99) | |
Less active | 1737 | 11.16 (0.83) | 12.94 (0.79) | 13.26 (0.73) | 15.55 (0.87) | |
Namely active | 7626 | 70.80 (1.33) | 67.50 (1.08) | 66.46 (1.25) | 58.90 (1.25) | |
MetS % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 8913 | 77.30 (1.03) | 73.89 (1.06) | 71.68 (1.16) | 69.10 (1.00) | |
Yes | 3489 | 22.70 (1.03) | 26.11 (1.06) | 28.32 (1.16) | 30.90 (1.00) | |
Elevated FPG % (SE) | 0.01 | |||||
No | 8619 | 73.39 (0.99) | 73.30 (1.19) | 72.51 (1.11) | 69.20 (1.08) | |
Yes | 3783 | 26.61 (0.99) | 26.70 (1.19) | 27.49 (1.11) | 30.80 (1.08) | |
Low HDL-C % (SE) | 0.006 | |||||
No | 8617 | 73.44 (1.27) | 71.73 (1.27) | 70.14 (1.42) | 68.09 (1.01) | |
Yes | 3785 | 26.56 (1.27) | 28.27 (1.27) | 29.86 (1.42) | 31.91 (1.01) | |
Elevated TG % (SE) | 0.023 | |||||
No | 7874 | 66.22 (1.60) | 63.33 (1.22) | 62.13 (1.51) | 61.36 (1.12) | |
Yes | 4528 | 33.78 (1.60) | 36.67 (1.22) | 37.87 (1.51) | 38.64 (1.12) | |
Elevated WC % (SE) | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 5315 | 50.78 (1.74) | 44.21 (1.37) | 38.66 (1.51) | 35.64 (1.10) | |
Yes | 7087 | 49.23 (1.74) | 55.79 (1.37) | 61.34 (1.51) | 64.36 (1.10) | |
Elevated BP % (SE) | 0.002 | |||||
No | 10,347 | 87.31 (0.83) | 86.20 (0.91) | 83.46 (0.85) | 83.29 (0.94) | |
Yes | 2055 | 12.69 (0.83) | 13.80 (0.91) | 16.54 (0.85) | 16.71 (0.94) | |
SII (1,000 cells/µl) | 242.55 (240.18,244.93) | 381.07 (379.36,382.78) | 525.24 (523.09,527.39) | 901.37 (887.48,915.27) | < 0.001 | |