Fig. 9

Hyperoside counteracts light-induced upregulation in the retinal expression of cell death regulators and mitigates photoreceptor cell death. A Heatmap visualization of the representative genes involved in programmed cell death revealed by RNA-seq analyses. B Real-time qPCR validation of the altered expression of the genes involved in apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Relative fold change was plotted against NLE. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). C TUNEL (in green) positivity in the retinas 3d post light exposure. DAPI (in blue) counterstaining marked the nuclei. Scale bar, 50 μm. D Relative fold change in the TUNEL positivity was plotted against LE. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group). **Compared to NLE, P < 0. 01; ***compared to NLE, P < 0.001; ^#compared to LE, P < 0.05; ^##compared to LE, P < 0.01; ^###compared to LE, P < 0.001. HYP the light-exposed mice treated with 50 mg/kg hyperoside, INL inner nuclear layer, LE the light-exposed mice treated with vehicle, NLE the vehicle-treated mice without light exposure, ONL outer nuclear layer