Fig. 6

Hyperoside protects against light-induced photoreceptor ultrastructural impairment. A Representative TEM images of rod (pink) and cone (blue) photoreceptor OS, RPE and connecting cilium (green). Red arrowheads, disordered OS (first column); RPE phagosomes (second column); disrupted microvilli (third column); impaired connecting cilium (fourth column). Scale bars, 2 μm (first column); 1 μm (second, third and fourth column). B Representative TEM images of the IS and mitochondria in the IS (yellow). Red arrowhead, disrupted IS. Scale bars, 2 μm (first column) and 500 nm (second column). C Representative TEM images showing rod and cone photoreceptor nuclei. Red arrowheads, chromatin condensation (first column), damaged nuclear envelope (third column) and chromatin depolymerization (fifth column). Scale bars, 2 μm (first column), 1 μm (second and fourth column) and 200 nm (third column). D Representative TEM images highlighting photoreceptor synaptic terminals. Scale bar, 500 nm. Ad arciform density, Bc bipolar cell, Hc horizontal cell, HYP the light-exposed mice treated with 50 mg/kg hyperoside, IS inner segment, LE the light-exposed mice treated with vehicle, M mitochondria, N nucleus, NLE the vehicle-treated mice without light exposure, OS outer segment, Sr synapse ribbon, Sv synaptic vesicle