Fig. 2

Hyperoside protects against SNP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in photoreceptor cells. 661W cells pretreated with vehicle or 100 μM hyperoside were incubated in the presence or absence of 300 μM SNP for 3 h. A The mitochondria probe JC-1 dye was applied, followed by microscopic imaging of J-aggregates (in red) and JC-1 monomers (in green) by fluorescence microscopy. DAPI (in blue) was counterstained to visualize the nuclei. Scale bar, 50 μm. B The relative fold change in the ratio of J-aggregates to JC-1 monomers was plotted against VC (n = 6 per group). C Representative microscopic image showing calcein positive fluorescent signals. Scale bar, 50 μm. D Relative fold change in the calcein positive fluorescence intensity was plotted against VC (n = 6 per group). E Representative microscopic images showing MitoSOX Red positive fluorescent signals. Scale bar, 50 μm. F Relative fold change in the MitoSOX Red positive fluorescence intensity was plotted against VC (n = 6 per group). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. ***Compared to VC, P < 0.001; ^##compared to SNP, P < 0.01; ^###compared to SNP, P < 0.001. VC, the vehicle-treated cells without SNP exposure; SNP, the SNP-stimulated cells treated with vehicle; HYP, the SNP-stimulated cells treated with hyperoside