Table 1 Clinical periodontal outcomes

PI (%)

Placebo

93.5 (6.5)

47.5 (5.25)

36.5 (17.25)

 < 0.0001

0.0076

0.0007

 > 0.99

850 mg Metformin

98 (2)

47.5 (28.7)

55 (12.25)

 < 0.0001

0.0052

0.001

 > 0.99

p-value between groups

0.3789

0.5657

0.1091

BOP (%)

Placebo

37.5 (16)

5 (6)

1 (2.5)

 < 0.0001

0.0219

0.0002

0.5391

850 mg Metformin

43.5 (6.25)

4 (1)

2.5 (0.5)

 < 0.0001

0.0156

0.0003

0.7907

p-value between groups

0.9561

0.3383

0.8261

PPD (mm)

Placebo

2.94 (0.36)

1.78 (0.27)

1.53 (0.34)

 < 0.0001

0.9550

 < 0.0001

0.0760

850 mg Metformin

3.16 (0.26)

1.77 (0.47)

1.60 (0.32)

 < 0.0001

0.0417

 < 0.0001

0.2209

p-value between groups

0.4696

0.955

0.7821

PPD reduction (mm)

Placebo

N/A

1.13 (0.11)

1.43 (0.15)

–

–

–

0.0020*

850 mg Metformin

N/A

1.43 (0.21)

1.64 (0.33)

–

–

–

0.0059*

p-value between groups

–

0.1595

0.565

CAL (mm)

Placebo

3.37 (0.54)

2.40 (0.54)

2.28 (0.38)

 < 0.0001

0.0417

 < 0.0001

0.2209

850 mg Metformin

3.79 (0.16)

2.49 (0.10)

2.24 (0.16)

 < 0.0001

0.0566

 < 0.0001

0.1325

p-value between groups

0.6162

0.7546

0.5659

CAL gain (mm)

Placebo

N/A

1.02 (0.17)

1.36 (0.23)

–

–

–

0.0098*

850 mg Metformin

N/A

1.36 (0.37)

1.66 (0.39)

–

–

–

0.0039*

p-value between groups

–

0.1431

0.3527

Pockets ≥ 5 mm %

Placebo

15.01 (7.80)

1.82 (1.33)

1.19 (1.59)

 < 0.0001

0.0156

0.0003

0.7907

850 mg Metformin

19.90 (9.27)

1.48 (1.71)

0.34 (0.53)

 < 0.0001

0.0219

0.0002

0.5391

p-value between groups

0.5419

0.9264

0.5072