Fig. 2

Gingival inflammation and microbiome composition. A Red circle indicates the time point of the analysis (Created with BioRender.com). B qPCR of gingival tissues from mice treated and not treated with Metformin relative to control animals (without disease induction). C–F 16 s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the oral microbiome of the three groups presented in A (n = 6). C Beta diversity, D Alpha diversity, E Adonis test with S. danieliae, F Adonis test of the ten most abundant taxa following exclusion of S. danieliae