Fig. 1

Identification of stemness-related genes and subtypes in HCC. A Volcano map showing 103 of 345 stemness-associated genes with differential mRNA expression in HCC data. B Venn diagram showing 27 stemness-related genes with differential expression has prognostic value. C Waterfall plot showing the mutational landscape of 27 stemness-associated genes. D Copy number variation (CNV) of 11 stemness-associated genes indicates increased CNV and green dots indicate decreased CNV. E Position of CNV of 11 stemness-associated genes on the chromosome. F Differences in mRNA expression of 11 stemness-associated genes between HCC and normal tissues, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0. 001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance. G Identify two stemness-related subtypes by unsupervised clustering. H PCA shows the difference between the two subtypes. I Kaplan–Meier curves show survival differences between the two subtypes. J Differential expression of 11 stemness-associated genes in the two subtypes. K–N Validation in ICGC-LIRI-JP data