Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants with different H. pylori infection status
|  | All (N = 4370) | Hp negative (N = 2479) | Hp positive (N = 1891) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.3 (20.2) | 43.5 (20.1) | 50.1 (19.6) |  < 0.001 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.028 |
 Female | 2319 (53.1%) | 1352 (54.5%) | 967 (51.1%) |  |
 Male | 2051 (46.9%) | 1127 (45.5%) | 924 (48.9%) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 (6.27) | 27.9 (6.30) | 28.3 (6.22) | 0.021 |
Race |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 1284 (29.4%) | 468 (18.9%) | 816 (43.2%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 799 (18.3%) | 367 (14.8%) | 432 (22.8%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 1873 (42.9%) | 1444 (58.2%) | 429 (22.7%) |  |
 Other Races | 414 (9.47%) | 200 (8.07%) | 214 (11.3%) |  |
Poverty | 2.47 (1.61) | 2.79 (1.64) | 2.04 (1.46) |  < 0.001 |
Education |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 College or above | 1533 (35.2%) | 1111 (44.9%) | 422 (22.4%) |  |
 High school or equivalent | 1110 (25.5%) | 731 (29.6%) | 379 (20.2%) |  |
 Less than high school | 1714 (39.3%) | 634 (25.6%) | 1080 (57.4%) |  |
Smoke | Â | Â | Â | 0.033 |
 Former | 1043 (26.8%) | 580 (26.9%) | 463 (26.8%) |  |
 Never | 2062 (53.0%) | 1175 (54.4%) | 887 (51.3%) |  |
 Now | 782 (20.1%) | 403 (18.7%) | 379 (21.9%) |  |
Alcohol drinking |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 565 (15.2%) | 297 (14.2%) | 268 (16.4%) |  |
 Former | 765 (20.5%) | 369 (17.6%) | 396 (24.2%) |  |
 Mild | 1189 (31.9%) | 725 (34.6%) | 464 (28.4%) |  |
 Moderate | 504 (13.5%) | 318 (15.2%) | 186 (11.4%) |  |
 Heavy | 705 (18.9%) | 385 (18.4%) | 320 (19.6%) |  |
Diabetes mellitus | 504 (11.5%) | 210 (8.47%) | 294 (15.5%) |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 1622 (37.1%) | 818 (33.0%) | 804 (42.5%) |  < 0.001 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 125 (21.0) | 123 (19.4) | 129 (22.4) |  < 0.001 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 71.1 (12.6) | 70.6 (12.3) | 71.8 (13.0) | 0.004 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 103 (35.6) | 98.8 (27.2) | 108 (43.9) |  < 0.001 |
Fasting insulin (umol/mL) | 14.0 (13.1) | 13.3 (10.7) | 14.8 (15.8) | 0.013 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.52 (1.12) | 5.37 (0.92) | 5.71 (1.30) |  < 0.001 |
Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 9.71 (5.04) | 9.75 (5.33) | 9.66 (4.62) | 0.585 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 65.6 (49.7) | 65.6 (50.2) | 65.6 (49.0) | 0.985 |
Fasting triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.64 (1.22) | 1.54 (1.04) | 1.76 (1.41) |  < 0.001 |
Fasting total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202 (42.5) | 200 (42.1) | 203 (43.1) | 0.044 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.0 (15.2) | 52.0 (15.3) | 49.7 (15.0) |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 123 (35.5) | 122 (35.4) | 124 (35.7) | 0.268 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.50 (0.98) | 0.47 (0.99) | 0.53 (0.98) | 0.039 |
ASCVD | 372 (9.55%) | 181 (8.37%) | 191 (11.0%) | 0.006 |
 Stroke | 128 (3.29%) | 58 (2.69%) | 70 (4.04%) | 0.024 |
 Heart attack | 165 (4.24%) | 79 (3.66%) | 86 (4.97%) | 0.053 |
DII | 0.53 (1.40) | 0.44 (1.41) | 0.65 (1.36) |  < 0.001 |