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Table 2 Multinomial logistic regression evaluates the association between BMI trajectories and osteoporosis/osteopenia

From: BMI trajectory of rapid and excessive weight gain during adulthood is associated with bone loss: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005–2018

Stable

Osteoporosis

Osteopenia

Model 1

P-value

Model 2

P-value

Model 3

P-value

Model 1

P-value

Model 2

P-value

Model 3

P-value

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Total population

 Slight increase

0.95 (0.67,1.33)

0.761

0.83 (0.58,1.18)

0.297

0.95 (0.66,1.37)

0.783

1.01 (0.82,1.25)

0.906

1.01 (0.82,1.24)

0.910

1.12 (0.89,1.40)

0.331

 Increase to decrease

0.65 (0.27,1.54)

0.326

0.50 (0.20,1.27)

0.146

0.63 (0.26,1.58)

0.328

0.79 (0.46,1.34)

0.381

0.77 (0.45,1.34)

0.356

0.80 (0.51,1.27)

0.345

 Rapid increase

2.32 (1.27,4.23)

0.006

2.06 (1.10,3.84)

0.023

2.25 (1.19,4.23)

0.012

1.35 (0.95,1.93)

0.095

1.38 (0.95,2.00)

0.090

1.49 (1.02,2.17)

0.040

Male

 Slight increase

1.79 (1.01,3.18)

0.047

1.66 (0.90,3.06)

0.106

1.87 (0.99,3.52)

0.052

1.03 (0.80,1.34)

0.802

1.08 (0.83,1.41)

0.573

1.16 (0.88,1.52)

0.285

 Increase to decrease

1.47 (0.28,7.68)

0.646

1.04 (0.15,7.37)

0.972

1.56 (0.20,11.91)

0.671

0.69 (0.39,1.22)

0.200

0.66 (0.36,1.21)

0.180

0.82 (0.46,1.47)

0.504

 Rapid increase

2.97 (1.15,7.64)

0.024

2.49 (0.98,6.38)

0.056

2.69 (1.03,7.07)

0.044

2.25 (1.27,4.00)

0.006

2.22 (1.19,4.14)

0.012

2.48 (1.31,4.69)

0.005

Female§

 Slight increase

0.80 (0.54,1.18)

0.262

0.73 (0.48,1.10)

0.129

0.82 (0.54,1.25)

0.352

0.98 (0.72,1.33)

0.896

0.92 (0.68,1.24)

0.577

1.02 (0.75,1.38)

0.909

 Increase to decrease

0.64 (0.25,1.64)

0.355

0.59 (0.22,1.54)

0.280

0.64 (0.25,1.67)

0.363

0.82 (0.39,1.73)

0.604

0.85 (0.39,1.85)

0.687

0.74 (0.37,1.47)

0.391

 Rapid increase

2.51 (1.19,5.29)

0.016

2.42 (1.09,5.39)

0.031

2.62 (1.17,5.86)

0.019

1.18 (0.76,1.83)

0.458

1.19 (0.77,1.85)

0.428

1.28 (0.83,1.97)

0.264

 ≤ 65 years

 Slight increase

0.84 (0.51,1.37)

0.481

0.73 (0.43,1.24)

0.243

0.88 (0.50,1.54)

0.643

1.01 (0.76,1.36)

0.935

1.03 (0.77,1.39)

0.839

1.15 (0.85,1.56)

0.371

 Increase to decrease

0.53 (0.19,1.47)

0.223

0.38 (0.12,1.18)

0.093

0.52 (0.17,1.61)

0.257

0.76 (0.42,1.38)

0.370

0.75 (0.40,1.38)

0.353

0.77 (0.45,1.32)

0.337

 Rapid increase

2.28 (1.13,4.58)

0.021

2.02 (0.99,4.14)

0.055

2.32 (1.11,4.83)

0.025

1.38 (0.92,2.06)

0.117

1.42 (0.93,2.17)

0.107

1.57 (1.02,2.43)

0.043

 > 65 years

 Slight increase

1.04 (0.58,1.87)

0.883

0.92 (0.52,1.64)

0.779

1.00 (0.55,1.81)

0.990

1.03 (0.71,1.49)

0.893

0.98 (0.68,1.42)

0.924

1.07 (0.72,1.60)

0.741

 Increase to decrease

1.39 (0.19,10.13)

0.746

1.64 (0.16,16.5)

0.672

1.80 (0.2,16.28)

0.603

1.08 (0.26,4.50)

0.916

1.44 (0.30,6.96)

0.647

1.55 (0.34,7.06)

0.570

 Rapid increase

0.93 (0.21,4.10)

0.919

0.73 (0.15,3.57)

0.699

0.75 (0.15,3.81)

0.725

1.20 (0.57,2.50)

0.633

1.19 (0.56,2.52)

0.654

1.20 (0.56,2.60)

0.639

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and baseline BMI
  2. Model 2: model 1 plus education, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and sleep status
  3. Model 3: model 2 plus cancer, diabetes, and total cholesterol
  4. §Additionally adjusted for menopause status in model 3
  5. P-values < 0.05 were indicated in bold
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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