Table 1 Total population characteristics by BMI trajectories in NHANES 2005–2018
Slight increase (n = 1252) | Stable (n = 7681) | Increase to decrease (n = 195) | Rapid increase (n = 577) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean, years | 59.79 (0.30) | 61.58(0.18) | 56.05(0.55) | 57.23(0.28) | < 0.001 |
Sex | < 0.001 | ||||
Male | 690 (58.26) | 4498 (55.97) | 82 (41.90) | 206 (34.71) | |
Female | 563 (41.74) | 3183 (44.03) | 113 (58.10) | 371 (65.29) | |
Ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||||
Mexican American | 233 (7.89) | 991 (4.78) | 51 (12.16) | 85 (6.48) | |
Other Hispanic | 108 (3.66) | 694 (4.15) | 18 (4.81) | 56 (4.41) | |
Non-hispanic white | 495 (70.79) | 3608 (75.01) | 69 (66.66) | 195 (65.00) | |
Non-hispanic black | 378 (14.53) | 1554 (8.99) | 49 (13.56) | 219 (20.33) | |
Other race | 39 (3.13) | 834 (7.08) | 8 (2.82) | 22 (3.79) | |
Education | 0.105 | ||||
Less than high school | 389 (18.47) | 2009 (15.86) | 65 (20.19) | 168 (16.41) | |
High school including GED | 305 (28.25) | 1867 (25.00) | 58 (30.06) | 151 (28.57) | |
Some college or above | 559 (53.28) | 3805 (59.14) | 72 (49.75) | 258 (55.01) | |
Marital status | 0.009 | ||||
Currently married | 760 (66.77) | 4927 (68.97) | 109 (67.59) | 316 (61.36) | |
Formerly married | 389 (24.79) | 2276 (25.45) | 66 (25.54) | 202 (30.94) | |
Never married | 104 (8.44) | 478 (5.57) | 20 (6.86) | 59 (7.70) | |
Poverty-income ratio | 0.008 | ||||
≤ 1.30 | 328 (17.27) | 1784 (15.06) | 70 (27.43) | 172 (20.30) | |
1.31–3.50 | 450 (34.23) | 2729 (34.54) | 60 (31.87) | 181 (32.97) | |
> 3.50 | 362 (48.50) | 2480 (50.40) | 41 (40.69) | 170 (46.73) | |
Smoke | 0.016 | ||||
Non-smoker | 668 (55.34) | 3711 (49.04) | 83 (46.63) | 268 (48.63) | |
Former smoker | 399 (31.27) | 2553 (49.04) | 55 (26.57) | 192 (33.61) | |
Current smoker | 185 (13.39) | 1415 (17.50) | 57 (26.80) | 117 (17.75) | |
Alcohol | < 0.001 | ||||
Non-drinker | 413 (29.82) | 2115 (22.95) | 64 (26.69) | 194 (29.88) | |
Current drinker | 342 (33.47) | 2723 (44.00) | 52 (32.55) | 141 (34.48) | |
Social drinker | 448 (36.70) | 2519 (33.05) | 67 (40.77) | 212 (35.64) | |
Physical activity | < 0.001 | ||||
Inactive | 424 (29.42) | 2132 (23.00) | 71 (38.54) | 220 (34.65) | |
Insufficient | 242 (19.45) | 1547 (19.56) | 36 (14.22) | 93 (16.08) | |
Moderate | 135 (11.41) | 957 (12.65) | 17 (7.78) | 57 (12.94) | |
High | 452 (39.72) | 3045 (44.79) | 71 (39.47) | 207 (36.33) | |
Sleep status | < 0.001 | ||||
≥ 7 h | 759 (64.04) | 5080 (69.25) | 113 (67.32) | 314 (56.74) | |
< 7 h | 493 (35.96) | 2590 (30.75) | 80 (32.68) | 260 (43.26) | |
Cancer | 0.024 | ||||
Yes | 132 (12.41) | 1120 (16.06) | 22 (14.20) | 59 (12.61) | |
No | 1121 (87.59) | 6561 (83.94) | 173 (85.80) | 518 (87.39) | |
Diabetes | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 415 (27.96) | 1094 (10.11) | 91 (45.72) | 146 (23.36) | |
No | 838 (72.04) | 6587 (89.89) | 104 (54.28) | 431 (76.64) | |
SBP, mean, mmHg | 128.50 (0.75) | 128.31 (0.32) | 126.15 (1.79) | 131.98 (1.17) | 0.024 |
DBP, mean, mmHg | 72.30 (0.50) | 71.68 (0.25) | 71.19 (1.37) | 72.45 (0.81) | 0.999 |
Total cholesterol, mean, mmol/L | 4.95 (0.05) | 5.25 (0.02) | 4.89 (0.09) | 5.14 (0.06) | 0.059 |
Current BMI | 34.91 (0.20) | 27.11 (0.07) | 33.50 (0.97) | 38.16 (0.30) | < 0.001 |
Bone health | < 0.001 | ||||
Osteoporosis | 64 (3.32) | 814 (9.65) | 8 (3.89) | 30 (4.57) | |
Osteopenia | 331 (26.16) | 3125 (40.17) | 61 (26.81) | 154 (27.82) | |
Normal | 858 (70.52) | 3742 (50.19) | 126 (69.3) | 393 (67.61) |