Table 2 Causes of myelofibrosis.
From: Fibrosis and bone marrow: understanding causation and pathobiology
1. Infectious diseases |
 Tuberculosis |
 HIV infection |
Endocrine disorders |
 Hyperparathyroidism (primary or secondary) |
 Vitamin D deficiency (nutritional or rickets) |
 Osteomalacia |
2. Autoimmune disorders |
 Systemic lupus erythematosus |
 Sjögren syndrome |
 Systemic sclerosis |
 Primary autoimmune myelofibrosis |
 Connective tissue disease |
3. Hematologic malignancies |
 Myeloproliferative neoplasms (primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia) |
 Myelodysplastic syndrome |
 Chronic myelogenous leukemia |
 Hodgkin lymphoma |
 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
 Acute myeloid leukemia (particularly acute megakaryoblastic leukemia) |
 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
 Hairy Cell leukaemia |
 Multiple myeloma |
 Systemic mastocytosis |
4. Other hematologic conditions |
 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
 Gray platelet syndrome |
Drug-associated conditions |
 Thrombopoietin receptor agonist toxicity |
5. Miscellaneous |
 Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy |
 Paget disease |
 Metastatic solid malignancies |
 Pachydermoperiostosis |