Fig. 1

Continuing TNBS rectal administration promotes the development of intestinal fibrosis. A Experimental workflow used to characterize the dynamic changes in gene and metabolite profiles during the progression of intestinal fibrosis. B Relative mRNA level of fibrotic indicators (α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM  (n = 5 per group). C Representative images of Masson’s trichrome and H&E staining of colon sections from C57BL/6 mice (scale bar = 200 µm). D Quantification of collagen deposition (trichrome blue staining) was measured in three representative areas per sample using ImageJ software (n = 5 per group). N = 3, ns not significant, *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001. H&E hematoxylin and eosin