Fig. 9

Schematic diagram of the potential effect of LIGHT in promoting cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation vulnerability. LIGHT promoted macrophage migration, infiltration and M2 polarisation both in the ventricle and atrium. TGF-β1 secreted from LIGHT-stimulated macrophages further promoted the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and collagen synthesis which finally cause cardiac fibrosis and atrial fibrillation vulnerability