Fig. 9

Amelioration of glial activation and neurotrophic levels by delayed LIPUS intervention following ICH A Iba1-positive numbers (microglia, red), and B GFAP intensity (astrocyte, green) represented activation of microglia and astrocytes, respectively. Quantification analysis shows that delayed LIPUS treatment also significantly ameliorated glial cell activation at 3 days post-ICH. (Nuclei were stained with DAPI [blue]; scale bar: 50 mm). C Representative ICH-downregulated BDNF expression, and D ICH-upregulated VEGF expression were significantly reversed after delayed LIPUS treatment. ∗ , #, denote significant difference from the sham group and ICH group, respectively (*, #P < 0.05, **, ##P < 0.01, ***, ###P < 0.001; n = 6 – 8)