Fig. 4

Specific flow diagram of oxidative stress. Specific flow diagram of oxidative stress. The large amount of free fatty acids produced by hepatocytes can act on the four oxidative respiratory enzymes of the mitochondria, leading to electron spillage. The spilled electrons combine with oxygen to form superoxide and cause the mitochondria to produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species. High levels of reactive oxygen species can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and reduce cellular beta-oxidation levels through stimulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2