Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease

Yan, Qian; Liu, Shasha; Sun, Yang; Chen, Chen; Yang, Songwei; Lin, Meiyu; Long, Junpeng; Yao, Jiao; Lin, Yuting; Yi, Fan; Meng, Lei; Tan, Yong; Ai, Qidi; Chen, Naihong; Yang, Yantao

doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04361-7

Journal of Translational Medicine

Table 1 Herbal monomers alleviate OS-related cardiovascular disease by activating or inhibiting different signaling pathways

From: Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease

Drugs	Experimental models	Signaling pathways and related mechanisms	References
Resveratrol	Clinical trial	inhibition of oxLDL	[143]
	MTHFR C677T vector subjects and mice	Activation of SIRT1/FoxO	[145]
	SIRT1flox/flox mice	Activation of SIRT1 and inhibition of NLRP3	[147]
	H/R-induced rat cardiomyocytes	Activation of SIRT1/SIRT3/Mfn2/Parkin/PGC-1α	[148]
	PH Murine Model	Activation of SIRT1/SIRT3	[149]
	3T3-L1 cells	Activation of AMPK/SIRT	[151]
	HUVECs	Activation of UCP2/AMPK	[154]
	C57BL/6 mice	Activation of AMPK/SIRT/PGC-1α	[138]
	SD rat Model	Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inhibition of NF-κB	[139]
	HUVECs	Inhibition of NF-κB	[155]
	I/R rats	Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB	[156]
	SD rats	Activation of SIRT1 and inhibition of NF-κB	[157]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB	[140]
	EPCs	Activation of PPAR-γ/HO-1	[160]
	HUVECs	Activation of SIRT1/KLF2	[161]
	MI/R rats and ECs	Activation of Nrf2/ARE	[163, 164]
Curcumin	DCM rats	Activation of SIRT1/FoxO1 and PI3K/Akt	[169]
	I/R rats	Activation of SIRT1	[170]
	D-gal induced rats	Inhibition of P53/p21	[171]
	DCM rats	Activation of Nrf2/ARE	[172]
	MI/R rats	Activation of JAK2/STAT3	[175]
Chlorogenic acid	HUVECs	Activation of Rap1 signaling and inhibition of PI3K/Akt	[177]
	HUVECs	Activation of SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1 and inhibition of oxLDL	[178]
	ISO induced rats	Activation of Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α	[179]
	H9C2 cells	Inhibition of PKCα-ERK	[180]
	HAEC	Activation of Hmox-1	[183]
Salvianolic acid	H9C2 cells	Activation of PGC-1α	[187]
	H9C2 cells	Inhibition of TLR4/MAPK	[188]
	HFD induced mice	Activation of AMPK/SIRT1	[189]
	MCAO	upregulating Akt/FoxO1/ERK	[190]
	I/R-injured rats	Activation of Akt/mTOR/4EBP1	[191]
	Diabetic rats	Activation of Nrf2/ARE and inhibition of NF-κB	[192]
Tea Polyphenols	H9C2 cells	Activation of PI3K/Akt	[199]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of JNK/p38-MAPK	[199]
	HUVECs	Activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS	[200]
	HUVECs	Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR	[201]
	HUVECs	inhibition of oxLDL	[202]
	CHD mice	Activation of Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1	[203]
	I/R-injured rats	Inhibition of STAT1	[204]
Honokiol	SIRT3 KO mice	Activation of SIRT3/ PGC-1α	[206]
	MI / R injured rats	Activation of SIRT1/Nrf2	[207]
	HUVECs	Inhibition of IKK/IκB/NF-κB	[208]
	T2DM mice	Activation of AMPK	[209]
Schisandra chinensis	H9c2 cells	Activation of PI3K/Akt	[212]
	HCAECs	Activation of eNOS/PI3K/Akt	[213]
	THP-1 cells	Inhibition of ROS	[214]
	MI rats	Activation of Nrf-2/HO-1	[215]
	RAECs	Activation of Keap1/Nrf2	[216, 217]
	DOX-induced mice	Inhibition of MAPK/P53	[218]
Lignans of Sesame	DOX-induced mice	Activation of SIRT1	[220]
	SHR rats	Up-regulation eNOS and down-regulation p22/p47	[221]
	HUVECs	Activation of CaMKKβ/Akt/AMPK	[222]
	DOCA/salt rats	Inhibition of JNK/MAPK	[223]
	HAECs	Inhibition of OS/IKKα/p53	[224]
	CHO cells	Activation of PPARα/PPARγ/LXRα	[225]
Phillyrin and Forsythin	H9c2 cells	Inhibition of p38/ERK1/2MAPK and Akt/NF-kB	[226]
	RAW264.7	Inhibition of JAK-STA T/p38MAPK	[227]
Cinnamic acid	IHD rats	Up-regulation SOD and NO of expression	[229]
	MI / RI rats	Inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase1/GSDMD	[230]
	HUVECs	Activation of NO/cGMP/PKG and inhibition of Rho-kinase	[231, 232]
	VSMCs in rats	Inhibition of MAPK/Akt pathways and NF-κB	[234]
	DOX-induced rats	Activation of Nrf-2/HO-1, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB	[235]
	H9c2 cells	Inhibition of SDH	[236]
Syringic acid	MI rats	Up-regulated antioxidant capacity and anti-lipid peroxidation	[237, 238]
	MIRI rats	Activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β	[239]
	MI rats	Inhibition of NF-kB and TNF-α	[240]
Oleanolic acid	HUVECs	Activation of Nrf2/HO-1	[243]
	HUVECs	Activation of Akt/eNOS	[244]
Baicalin	Arterial ligation mice	Upregulation of SM22α expression and inhibition ERK	[249]
	PASMCs	Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α and upregulation of P27 expression	[250]
	A2AR-deficient nice	Upregulation of SDF-1/CXCR4 expression and inhibition PI3K/Akt	[251]
	HUVECs	Activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS	[252]
	ATO-induced mice	Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB	[254]
	CMECs	Activation of PI3K/Akt/ eNOS	[255]
	AS rabbit	Activation of PPARγ/LXRα	[256]
Quercetin	AS mice	Upregulation of HO-1 expression	[261]
	HUVECs	Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and upregulation of HO-1 expression	[262]
	HUVECs	Activation of ADMA/DDAHII	[263]
	Human cardiomyocytes	Activation of SIRT1/TMBIM6	[264]
	TAC mice	Activation of SIRT5	[265]
	MIRI rats	Activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α	[268]
	MIRI rats	Activation of JAK2/STAT3	[269]
Luteolin	HUVECs	Inhibition of STAT3	[270]
	HUVECs	Activation of AMPK/PKC	[271]
	HUVECs	Inhibition of NOX4/ROS/NF-κB	[272]
	HUVECs	Activation of ADMA/DDAHII	[273]
	Diabetic Rat	Activation of Keap1/Nrf2	[274]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB	[275]
	ISO-induced mice	Activation of Kim-1/NF-kB/Nrf2	[276]
	Activation	Activation of STAT3	[277]
	Diabetic rats	Activation of Sestrin2 and Nrf2	[278]
	HPH rats	Activation of PI3K/Akt and inhibition of HIF-2α	[279]
	MCT rats	Inhibition of PI3K/Akt	[280]
Naringin	HUVECs	Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR	[282]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of HIF‑1α/BNIP3	[283]
	H9C2 cells	Inhibition of MAPK, NF-kB and upregulation of ATP-sensitive K(+)	[284]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of leptin-JAK2/STAT3	[285]
	Arsenic toxicity rats	Activation of Nrf2/HO-1	[287]
Berberine	MI mice	Inhibition of Wnt5a/β-catenin	[288]
	MI rats	Activation of JAK2/STAT3	[289]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of SIRT1	[290]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of Klotho/SIRTI	[291]
Sinomenine	MIRI mice	Inhibition of Bcl2 expression and the increase in caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax expression	[292]
	I/R rats	Activation of endogenous antioxidant capacity and inhibition of inflammatory factors	[293]
	H9C2 cells	Activation of Nrf2/ARE	[294]
Astragaloside IV	MI mice	Inhibition of ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD	[295]
	I/R rats	Activation of Nrf2	[296]
	CHF rats	Activation of Nrf2/HO-1	[297]
	DOX-induced mice	Inhibition of NOX2 and NOX4 expression	[298]
	Diabetic mice	Regulation of adipocyte factors	[299]
	H9C2 cells	Up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant capacity	[300]
	Diabetic rats	Inhibition of caspase-3 expression and restoration of Bcl-xl expression	[301]
	TAC rats	Activation of SIRT1/NLRP3	[302]
Tanshinone IIA	H9C2 cells	Down-regulation of p38/p53 expression	[303]
	MI rats	Improvement of ER stress and inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis	[304]
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide	MI/R rats	Activation of Akt/eNOS	[306]
	HF rats	Down-regulation of cytokine levels and MDA levels	[307]
	H9c2 cells	Up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant capacity and down-regulation of MDA levels	[308]

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