Skip to main content

Table 1 Overview of epigenetic marks, enzymes, biological processes, and signaling pathways in PAH

From: Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of pulmonary arterial hypertension: implications for personalized medicine development

Type

Epigenetic marks

Enzyme

Transcriptional Activity

Biological processes

Signaling pathway

Therapeutic interventions

References

Histone methylation

H3K27me3

EZH2

Repression

Cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, energy production, survival

SMAD 1/5/9

Tazemetostat, GSK126

[68]

Histone acetylation

H3K27ac

p300

Activation

Cell growth, proliferation, differentiation

BRD4

JQ1

RVX208, Apabetalone

[69,70,71,72,73], [141]

/

HDAC1, HDAC2

HDAC5, HDAC6

Repression

Cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival

BRD4

VPA, MGCD0103, MS-275, SAHA, Vorinostat, TubA, ACY-775

[54, 55]

Non-coding RNA

microRNA

miR204

Repression

Cell proliferation, migration, and contraction

BMPR2, ALK1, SMAD, NFAT, STAT3, BRD4

Synthetic miR-204 (miR-204 mimic)

[98,99,100,101]

miR17/92

Repression

Proliferation, apoptosis resistance

Mst1, Akt, PDH2, HIF1, VEGF, Glut1, HK2, PDK1

miRVanaâ„¢ miRNA inhibitors

[92,93,94,95]

lncRNA

lncRNA-MEG3, lncRNA-GAS5, lncRNA-CASC2

Repression

Cell cycle, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, NO production, oxidative stress.

Cyclin A, Cyclin E, β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclinD1, PPARδ

R8-Lip-siMEG3

GAS5-Contained Exosomes

[106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126]

DNA methylation

5mc; 5hmc

DNMT1 DNMT3a, DNMT3b

Repression

Proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, oxidative stress

SOD2, BMPR2, SMAD1/5/9

5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine

Decitabine

[15], [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]

TET1, TET2

Activation

Inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis.

Il1b, Cxcr2, Csf3r, Ccr1, Mmp9, Cd33, Itgam, Il1R, Il1R2

/

[31,32,33]

  1. This table provides a comprehensive overview of key epigenetic marks, enzymes, biological processes, and signaling pathways associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It covers various epigenetic modifications such as histone methylation, histone acetylation, histone deacetylation, non-coding RNA (including microRNA and lncRNA), and DNA methylation. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting these epigenetic processes are provided
  2. H3K27me3 histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, HDAC histone deacetylase, p300 E1A binding protein P300, BMPR2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, ALK1 activin receptor-like kinase 1, NFAT nuclear factor of activated T cells, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, BRD4 bromodomain-containing protein 4, miR microRNA, lncRNA long non-coding RNA, MEG3 maternally expressed gene 3, GAS5 growth arrest-specific 5, CASC2 cancer susceptibility 2, and PPARδ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, 5mc 5-methylcytosine, 5hmc 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, DNMT DNA methyltransferase, TET1, TET2 ten-eleven translocation 1, ten-eleven translocation 2, Il1b interleukin-1 beta, Cxcr2 C–X–C motif chemokine receptor 2, Csf3r colony stimulating factor 3 receptor, Ccr1 C–C chemokine receptor 1, Mmp9 matrix metallopeptidase 9, Cd33 cluster of differentiation 33, Itgam integrin subunit alpha M, Il1R interleukin-1 receptor, Il1R2 interleukin-1 receptor 2
Back to article page

Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

Contact us