Fig. 4

Overview of the relationship between single and multi-omics. Results and data from single omics studies can be integrated into multi-Omics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of genetic changes and associated modifications in complex diseases such as PAH. Through multi-omics, there is an enhanced potential for earlier diagnosis, better treatment efficacy, and a more personalized therapy, resulting in improved patient outcomes. WGS whole genome sequencing, ChIP-seq chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA-seq RNA sequencing, MS mass spectrometry, HPLC high performance liquid chromatography, MR mendelian randomization, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, miRNA micro-RNA, DNAm DNA methylation, TF transcription factor. Created with BioRender.com