Table 3 Factors influencing gestational diabetes based on a univariate logistic regression model
|  | Non-GDM (n = 553) | GDM (n = 37) | OR (95%CI) | P-valve |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 32.03 ± 3.81 | 32.54 ± 3.56 | 1.036 (0.949, 1.132) | 0.43038 |
Nulliparity (n,%) | ||||
 No | 291 (52.62%) | 19 (51.35%) | Ref |  |
 Yes | 262 (47.38%) | 18 (48.65%) | 1.052 (0.541, 2.048) | 0.881 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.78 ± 3.20 | 25.95 ± 5.17 | 1.284 (1.183, 1.392) |  < 0.001 |
GGT (IU/L) | 13.72 ± 8.38 | 18.81 ± 10.97 | 1.040 (1.014, 1.066) | 0.002 |
TC (mg/dL) | 172.32 ± 26.97 | 180.89 ± 29.61 | 1.011 (0.999, 1.023) | 0.065 |
TG (mg/dL) | 115.16 ± 41.67 | 176.22 ± 81.93 | 1.019 (1.012, 1.025) |  < 0.001 |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | 65.29 ± 13.25 | 59.29 ± 16.45 | 0.966 (0.941, 0.992) | 0.009 |
LDL-c (mg/dL) | 84.01 ± 21.29 | 84.29 ± 28.38 | 1.001 (0.985, 1.016) | 0.939 |
HLR | 0.84 ± 0.31 | 0.81 ± 0.40 | 0.733 (0.240, 2.245) | 0.587 |
RC (mg/dL) | 23.03 ± 8.34 | 37.31 ± 18.63 | 1.102 (1.067, 1.138) |  < 0.001 |
Hepatic steatosis (n, %) | ||||
 Grade 0 | 463 (83.73%) | 16 (43.24%) | Ref |  |
 Grade 1 | 76 (13.74%) | 9 (24.32%) | 3.427 (1.462, 8.033) | 0.005 |
 Grade 2 | 9 (1.63%) | 9 (24.32%) | 28.937 (10.128, 82.677) |  < 0.001 |
 Grade 3 | 5 (0.90%) | 3 (8.11%) | 17.362 (3.814, 79.042) |  < 0.001 |
Adipokines (ng/mL) | 6289.62 ± 4296.63 | 2591.20 ± 2133.90 | 0.999 (0.999, 1.000) |  < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 17.71 ± 8.14 | 19.89 ± 7.34 | 1.020 (0.994, 1.047) | 0.140 |
ALT (U/L) | 11.00 (8.00–14.00) | 15.00 (10.00–25.00) | 1.037 (1.014, 1.061) | 0.002 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 76.54 ± 9.06 | 84.85 ± 15.10 | 1.072 (1.039, 1.106) |  < 0.001 |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 8.10 (5.30–11.20) | 15.30 (9.10–22.50) | 1.123 (1.073, 1.175) |  < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.50 (1.00–2.20) | 2.90 (1.60–4.60) | 1.463 (1.211, 1.766) |  < 0.001 |