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Table 2 The averages of biological age (BA) and its differences with chronological age (CA) by tertile of total flavonoids intake

From: Dietary flavonoids intake contributes to delay biological aging process: analysis from NHANES dataset

Variables

BA

BA difference (BA − CA)

Heart BA

Heart BA difference (BA − CA)

Kidney BA

Kidney BA difference (BA − CA)

Liver BA

Liver BA difference (BA − CA)

 

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Mean (SD)

P

Total flavonoid intake tertiles

47.03 (0.49)

–

 − 0.58 (0.15)

–

46.65 (0.49)

–

 − 0.96 (0.23)

–

48.01 (0.59)

–

0.40 (0.34)

–

44.43 (0.88)

–

− 3.19 (0.71)

–

 Q1

44.89 (0.72)

 < 0.01

0.22 (0.28)

 < 0.01

44.49 (0.73)

0.01

 − 0.17 (0.32)

 < 0.01

45.83 (0.85)

0.01

1.17 (0.66)

0.36

45.11 (1.38)

0.52

0.44 (1.17)

 < 0.01

 Q2

46.79 (0.85)

 − 0.51 (0.25)

46.74 (0.87)

 − 0.55 (0.43)

47.45 (0.92)

0.15 (0.49)

43.14 (1.64)

− 4.15 (1.11)

 Q3

48.43 (0.66)

 − 1.10 (0.16)

47.86 (0.69)

 − 1.68 (0.29)

49.64 (0.77)

0.10 (0.47)

44.84 (1.01)

− 4.69 (0.79)

Sex

                

 Male

47.36 (0.54)

0.29

0.91 (0.16)

 < 0.01

46.47 (0.50)

0.58

0.02 (0.30)

 < 0.01

53.91 (0.68)

 < 0.01

7.46 (0.35)

 < 0.01

38.82 (1.14)

 < 0.01

− 7.63 (0.85)

 < 0.01

 Female

46.72 (0.60)

 − 2.01 (0.18)

46.83 (0.66)

 − 1.90 (0.27)

42.40 (0.65)

 − 6.33 (0.33)

49.77 (0.97)

1.04 (0.87)

Age (years)

                

 ~ 30

25.53 (0.35)

 < 0.01

0.82 (0.29)

 < 0.01

25.23 (0.38)

 < 0.01

0.53 (0.31)

 < 0.01

27.69 (0.69)

 < 0.01

2.98 (0.65)

 < 0.01

18.94 (1.24)

 < 0.01

− 5.77 (1.21)

 < 0.01

 30–59

43.86 (0.30)

 − 1.02 (0.18)

43.56 (0.32)

 − 1.33 (0.29)

44.64 (0.50)

 − 0.25 (0.42)

42.72 (1.07)

− 2.16 (0.94)

 ≥ 60

69.21 (0.37)

 − 0.61 (0.23)

68.60 (0.59)

 − 1.22 (0.44)

69.80 (0.55)

 − 0.02 (0.52)

66.19 (1.00)

− 3.63 (0.99)

Ethnicity

                

 White

48.57 (0.58)

 < 0.01

 − 0.56 (0.41)

 < 0.01

47.95 (0.58)

 < 0.01

 − 1.53 (0.30)

 < 0.01

49.79 (0.73)

 < 0.01

0.31 (0.40)

 < 0.01

44.17 (1.20)

 < 0.01

− 5.31 (0.95)

 < 0.01

 Black

45.51 (0.87)

1.05 (0.40)

46.00 (1.06)

1.54 (0.58)

47.21 (1.14)

2.75 (0.75)

51.90 (1.74)

7.44 (1.58)

 Mexican

40.99 (0.80)

0.31 (0.31)

41.73 (0.93)

1.06 (0.48)

39.27 (0.94)

 − 1.40 (0.58)

43.50 (1.17)

2.83 (1.00)

 Others

41.87 (1.05)

 − 0.91 (0.20)

41.51 (1.19)

 − 0.93 (0.48)

42.43 (1.25)

 − 0.01 (0.97)

39.43 (2.06)

− 3.01 (1.73)

Healthy behavior factors

                

 Smoke status

                

  Current smokers

42.61 (0.81

 < 0.01

0.58 (0.22)

 < 0.01

41.67 (0.88)

 < 0.01

 − 0.36 (0.37)

0.08

42.25 (0.89)

 < 0.01

0.21 (0.71)

0.78

43.49 (1.89)

0.6

1.46 (1.39)

 < 0.01

  No smoke

48.05 (0.57)

 − 0.85 (0.15)

47.80 (0.59)

 − 1.10 (0.25)

49.34 (0.71)

0.44 (0.38)

44.65 (1.00)

− 4.26 (0.79)

 Drinking

                

  No drink user

51.29 (1.06)

 < 0.01

 − 0.20 (0.28)

 < 0.01

51.19 (1.00)

 < 0.01

 − 0.30 (0.50)

 < 0.01

49.42 (1.22)

 < 0.01

 − 2.07 (0.67)

 < 0.01

55.17 (2.12)

 < 0.01

3.68 (1.62)

 < 0.01

  Former

54.54 (0.99)

 − 0.20 (0.28)

54.29 (1.04)

 − 0.45 (0.40)

53.88 (1.22)

 − 0.86 (0.69)

55.09 (1.94)

0.35 (1.48)

  Mild

49.03 (0.60)

 − 1.35 (0.19)

48.44 (0.64)

 − 1.94 (0.37)

51.41 (0.76)

1.03 (0.41)

42.78 (1.24)

− 7.60 (0.93)

  Moderate

42.79 (0.89)

 − 1.28 (0.34)

42.44 (0.98)

 − 1.62 (0.51)

42.76 (1.02)

 − 1.30 (0.64)

41.13 (1.44)

− 2.93 (1.34)

  Heavy

38.36 (0.64)

0.91 (0.28)

38.09 (0.72)

0.64 (0.45)

40.35 (0.80)

2.90 (0.66)

35.84 (1.63)

− 1.61 (1.51)

 Physical activity level

                

  Never

54.30 (0.70)

 < 0.01

0.10 (0.25)

 < 0.01

53.57 (0.73)

 < 0.01

 − 0.63 (0.35)

0.01

54.25 (0.85)

 < 0.01

0.05 (0.55)

 < 0.01

58.87 (1.66)

 < 0.01

4.67 (1.43)

 < 0.01

  Low

48.43 (0.72)

 − 1.21 (0.26)

48.13 (0.81)

 − 1.50 (0.46)

48.75 (0.87)

 − 0.88 (0.56)

46.54 (1.16)

− 3.09 (0.97)

  Intermediate

43.98 (0.75)

 − 1.19 (0.24)

43.73 (0.78)

 − 1.44 (0.36)

45.42 (0.95)

0.25 (0.62)

36.52 (1.07)

− 8.65 (0.84)

  High

42.24 (0.75)

0.26 (0.27)

41.94 (0.73)

 − 0.04 (0.41)

44.43 (0.97)

2.44 (0.48)

37.92 (1.23)

− 4.07 (0.99)

 Chronic disease factors

                

  BMI, kg/m2

                

  BMI < 25

42.63 (0.84)

 < 0.01

 − 2.12 (0.25)

 < 0.01

41.63 (0.85)

 < 0.01

 − 3.12 (0.32)

 < 0.01

41.21 (0.84)

 < 0.01

 − 3.54 (0.53)

 < 0.01

33.53 (1.35)

 < 0.01

− 11.22 (0.95)

 < 0.01

  BMI ≥ 25

49.08 (0.36)

0.13 (0.15)

49.00 (0.40)

0.04 (0.25)

51.19 (0.56)

2.23 (0.38)

49.51 (0.85)

0.56 (0.84)

 Hypertension

                

  No Hypertension

40.00 (0.49)

 < 0.01

 − 1.81 (0.17)

 < 0.01

38.93 (0.49)

 < 0.01

 − 2.88 (0.27)

 < 0.01

40.79 (0.64)

 < 0.01

 − 1.02 (0.36)

 < 0.01

36.47 (0.91)

 < 0.01

− 5.33 (0.77)

 < 0.01

  Hypertension

59.31 (0.44)

1.55 (0.20)

60.14 (0.45)

2.38 (0.30)

60.62 (0.66)

2.86 (0.54)

58.32 (1.09)

0.56 (1.03)

 Diabetes

                

  No diabetes

41.52 (0.54)

 < 0.01

 − 1.59 (0.18)

 < 0.01

40.70 (0.53)

 < 0.01

 − 2.41 (0.25)

 < 0.01

42.78 (0.68)

 < 0.01

 − 0.33 (0.36)

 < 0.01

38.00 (1.04)

 < 0.01

− 5.10 (0.83)

 < 0.01

  Diabetes

57.97 (0.55)

1.40 (0.22)

58.47 (0.57)

1.90 (0.34)

58.40 (0.73)

1.83 (0.55)

57.18 (1.09)

0.61 (1.08)

 Chronic kidney disease

                

  No CKD

44.33 (0.51)

 < 0.01

 − 1.10 (0.16)

 < 0.01

44.06 (0.50)

 < 0.01

 − 1.36 (0.24)

 < 0.01

44.81 (0.59)

 < 0.01

 − 0.62 (0.33)

 < 0.01

41.36 (0.94)

 < 0.01

− 4.07 (0.71)

 < 0.01

  CKD

65.70 (0.95)

2.96 (0.37)

64.54 (1.05)

1.80 (0.65)

70.15 (1.35)

7.41 (1.04)

65.64 (1.78)

2.91 (1.66)

  1. Values are means (SD) for continuous variables. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis for continuous variables
  2. SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, CKD chronic kidney disease.
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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