Table 2 Specific characteristics of five articles included in the systematic review
Study | Probiotics | Doses | Observation Indicators | Efficacy Factors | Action Mechanisms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Types | Forms | |||||
Ai [33] | Bifidobacterium longum; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Streptococcus thermophilus | Tablets | 6 g/d | BMI↓; TG↓; FBG↓; INS↓; HOMA-IR↓; IL-6↓ TNF-α↓; LBP↓ | TLRs, NF-κB | Improving glycolipid metabolism and chronic inflammation |
Chen et al. [34] | Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32; Lactobacillus rhamnosus bv-77; Bififidobacterium animalis CP-9 | Packages | Thrss packages daily | HDL↑; adiponectin↑;BMI↓;TC↓; LDL↓; leptin↓; TNF-α↓; Lactobacillus spp.↑; B. animalis↑ | Adipokines, NF-κB | Synergy between probiotics; Ether lipid metabolism; Regulation of the intestinal microbiota |
Jones et al. [25] | – | Noncaloric, sugar-free flavoured drinks (vitaminwater zero) | Three times daily | BMI↑; total adiposity ↑; trunk adiposity↑ | – | Altering functional potential of the gut microbiota |
Zhang et al. [35] | Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus; Streptococcus thermophilus | – | – | adiponectin↑; leptin↓; | Treg lymphocytes, Adipo R1, Adipo R2 | Regulating intestinal immune function; Reducing chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract; Promoting energy metabolism |
Larsen et al. [36] | L.salivarius Ls-33 ATCC SD5208 | Capsule | One capsule daily | Ratios of Bacteroidese-Prevotellae-Porphyromonas group to Firmicutes belonging bacteria↑ | – | Changing intestinal microbiota |