Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by quartiles of CVAI.
Characteristics | Overall | Quartiles of CVAI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P value | ||
n | 7242 | 1810 | 1811 | 1811 | 1810 | Â |
CVAI | 102.18 ± 45.90 | 45.78 ± 17.48 | 84.02 ± 8.65 | 115.91 ± 9.95 | 163.03 ± 23.39 | < 0.001 |
Age, years | 58.45 ± 8.70 | 56.66 ± 8.32 | 58.05 ± 8.35 | 58.72 ± 8.77 | 60.36 ± 8.94 | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 3976 (54.9) | 770 (42.5) | 1039 (57.4) | 1107 (61.1) | 1060 (58.6) | < 0.001 |
SBPb, mmHg | 128.70 ± 20.94 | 121.97 ± 19.60 | 125.96 ± 19.83 | 130.41 ± 20.65 | 136.55 ± 20.84 | < 0.001 |
DBPb, mmHg | 75.16 ± 12.07 | 71.53 ± 11.66 | 73.82 ± 11.68 | 76.19 ± 11.89 | 79.13 ± 11.73 | < 0.001 |
Heart rateb, rpm | 72.02 ± 10.30 | 70.59 ± 10.30 | 71.39 ± 10.17 | 72.51 ± 10.08 | 73.61 ± 10.44 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.53 ± 3.61 | 20.41 ± 2.17 | 22.32 ± 2.36 | 24.28 ± 2.59 | 27.09 ± 3.26 | < 0.001 |
WC, cm | 85.61 ± 10.01 | 75.40 ± 5.52 | 82.12 ± 5.59 | 88.13 ± 6.02 | 96.80 ± 7.43 | < 0.001 |
Rural residence, n (%) | 4848 (66.9) | 1357 (75.0) | 1272 (70.2) | 1176 (64.9) | 1043 (57.6) | < 0.001 |
Regiona, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
 North | 3305 (45.6) | 644 (35.6) | 776 (42.8) | 875 (48.3) | 1010 (55.8) |  |
 South | 3937 (54.4) | 1166 (64.4) | 1035 (57.2) | 936 (51.7) | 800 (44.2) |  |
Education, n (%) | 0.692 | |||||
 Junior high school and below | 6560 (90.6) | 1642 (90.7) | 1653 (91.3) | 1628 (89.9) | 1637 (90.4) |  |
 Senior high school | 618 (8.5) | 156 (8.6) | 144 (8.0) | 164 (9.1) | 154 (8.5) |  |
 Tertiary | 64 (0.9) | 12 (0.7) | 14 (0.8) | 19 (1.0) | 19 (1.0) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.490 | |||||
 Married and living with spouse | 6185 (85.4) | 1536 (84.9) | 1549 (85.5) | 1536 (84.8) | 1564 (86.4) |  |
 Others | 1057 (14.6) | 274 (15.1) | 262 (14.5) | 275 (15.2) | 246 (13.6) |  |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
 Never | 4288 (59.2) | 937 (51.8) | 1094 (60.4) | 1140 (62.9) | 1117 (61.7) |  |
 Former | 568 (7.8) | 128 (7.1) | 130 (7.2) | 143 (7.9) | 167 (9.2) |  |
 Current | 2386 (32.9) | 745 (41.2) | 587 (32.4) | 528 (29.2) | 526 (29.1) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
 Never | 4491 (62.0) | 926 (51.2) | 1167 (64.4) | 1221 (67.4) | 1177 (65.0) |  |
 Former | 577 (8.0) | 117 (6.5) | 119 (6.6) | 144 (8.0) | 197 (10.9) |  |
 Current | 2174 (30.0) | 767 (42.4) | 525 (29.0) | 446 (24.6) | 436 (24.1) |  |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.38 ± 2.19 | 14.18 ± 2.12 | 14.21 ± 2.17 | 14.36 ± 2.20 | 14.77 ± 2.23 | < 0.001 |
FBGb, mg/dL | 109.80 ± 35.27 | 101.87 ± 24.07 | 105.93 ± 33.31 | 108.94 ± 30.15 | 122.48 ± 46.26 | < 0.001 |
HbA1cb, % | 5.27 ± 0.78 | 5.12 ± 0.60 | 5.19 ± 0.68 | 5.26 ± 0.80 | 5.49 ± 0.96 | < 0.001 |
TCb, mg/dL | 194.19 ± 38.98 | 185.11 ± 34.58 | 190.45 ± 36.92 | 196.82 ± 38.01 | 204.39 ± 43.24 | < 0.001 |
TG, mg/dL | 134.22 ± 112.66 | 75.82 ± 32.32 | 102.72 ± 44.25 | 135.44 ± 65.18 | 222.94 ± 176.83 | < 0.001 |
HDL, mg/dL | 51.27 ± 15.33 | 62.32 ± 15.93 | 54.39 ± 12.89 | 48.06 ± 11.92 | 40.32 ± 10.77 | < 0.001 |
LDL, mg/dL | 116.89 ± 34.93 | 109.92 ± 30.28 | 117.48 ± 32.85 | 122.59 ± 33.70 | 117.55 ± 40.91 | < 0.001 |
BUNb, mg/dL | 15.70 ± 4.40 | 16.18 ± 4.66 | 15.57 ± 4.44 | 15.44 ± 4.22 | 15.61 ± 4.23 | < 0.001 |
UAb, mg/dL | 4.41 ± 1.21 | 4.25 ± 1.15 | 4.19 ± 1.14 | 4.40 ± 1.21 | 4.79 ± 1.27 | < 0.001 |
Serum creatinineb, mg/dL | 0.77 ± 0.18 | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 0.76 ± 0.19 | 0.76 ± 0.18 | 0.79 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 2887 (39.9) | 398 (22.0) | 590 (32.6) | 777 (42.9) | 1122 (61.99) | < 0.001 |
Kidney disease, n (%) | 393 (5.5) | 106 (5.9) | 104 (5.8) | 91 (5.0) | 92 (5.1) | 0.565 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 639 (9.0) | 51 (2.9) | 94 (5.3) | 171 (9.7) | 323 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
Heart diseaseb, n (%) | 805 (11.2) | 121 (6.7) | 174 (9.7) | 210 (11.7) | 300 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
DM, n (%) | 402 (5.6) | 32 (1.8) | 63 (3.5) | 113 (6.3) | 194 (10.9) | < 0.001 |