The effects of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Li, Guang; Feng, Hao; Mao, Xin-Liang; Deng, Yan-Jun; Wang, Xiao-Bao; Zhang, Qiong; Guo, Yan; Xiao, Su-Mei

doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04306-0

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies (n = 30)

From: The effects of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

First author, year	Country	Sample size		Age, years (mean ± SD)		BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)		Study design	Type of vehicles for probiotics	Probiotics (genus and daily dose)	Duration (weeks)
First author, year	Country	P	C	P	C	P	C	Study design	Type of vehicles for probiotics	Probiotics (genus and daily dose)	Duration (weeks)
Toejing, 2021 [27]	Thailand	18	18	63.5 ± 5.9	61.8 ± 7.7	23.22 ± 2.72	23.05 ± 2.60	DB, PC	Powder	L. paracasei HII01 (5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day)	12
Zhang, 2020 [15]	China	102	103	52.6 ± 10.5	53.6 ± 11.3	25.60 ± 2.96	26.20 ± 3.43	DB, PC	Powder	Probiotics mixture of (5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day, Bifidobacterium longum BL88-Onlly, Bifido -bacterium breve BB8, Lactococcus gasseri LG23, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR22, Lactobacillus salivarius LS86, Lactobacillus crispatus LCR15, Lactobacillus plantarum LP-Onlly, Lactobacillus fermentum LF33, Lactobacillus casei LC18)	13
Palacios, 2020 [46]	Australia	30	30	61.4 ± 8.9	56.1 ± 12.3	35.50 ± 6.20	36.30 ± 7.50	DB, PC	Capsule	Probiotics mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-115 1 (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Lacto -bacillus bulgaricus Lb-64 (6 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Lactobacillus gasseri Lg-36 (3.6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium breve Bb-03 (1.5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium animalis sbsp. lactis Bi-07 (1.6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-06 (1.4 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Streptococcus thermophilus St-21 (9 × 10⁸ CFU/day), Saccharomyces boulardii DBVPG 6763 (9 × 10⁷ CFU /day)	12
Lsmail, 2020 [44]	Egypt	50	50	48.3 ± 12.9	46.4 ± 13.2	31.10 ± 5.30	30.20 ± 6.00	PC	Yogurt	Bifidobacterium animalis dn-173 010 (NR)	16
Tipici, 2020 [23]	Turkey	17	17	NR	NR	35.51 ± 7.33	33.65 ± 6.17	PC	NR	Lactobacillus GG (1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day)	8
Jiang, 2020 [16]	China	42	34	56.0 ± 8.5	56.1 ± 8.2	27.51 ± 3.22	26.44 ± 2.78	DB, PC	Capsule	Probiotics mixture of (Bifidobacterium bifidum (1.2 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Lactobacillus acidophilus (4.2 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Streptococcus thermophilus (4.3 × 10⁹ CFU/day))	12
Sabico, 2019 [43]	Saudi Arabia	31	30	48.0 ± 8.3	46.6 ± 5.9	30.10 ± 5.00	29.40 ± 5.20	DB, PC	Powder	Probiotics mixture of (4 × 10⁹ CFU/day, Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactococcus lactis W19 and Lactobacillus lactis W58)	24
Razmpoosh, 2019 [12]	Iran	30	30	58.6 ± 6.5	61.3 ± 5.2	27.70 ± 4.20	27.20 ± 4.20	DB, PC	Capsule	Probiotics mixture of (Lactobacillus acidophilus (4 × 10⁹ CFU/day) Lactobacillus casei (1.4 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (3 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (4 × 10⁸ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium breve (6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium longum (1.4 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Streptococcus thermophilus (3 × 10⁹ CFU/day))	6
Khalili, 2019 [33]	Iran	20	20	44.0 ± 8.1	45.0 ± 5.4	29.50 ± 3.34	31.94 ± 5.76	DB, PC	Capsule	cfu L. casei (1 × 10⁸ CFU/day)	8
Madempudi, 2019 [25]	India	40	39	54.1	50.6	NR	NR	DB, PC	Capsule	Probiotics mixture of (6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day, L. salivarius UBLS22, L. casei UBLC42, L. plantarum UBLP40, L. acidophilus UBLA34, B. breve UBBr01, and B. coagulans Unique IS2)	12
Raygan, 2018 [39]	Iran	30	30	60.7 ± 9.4	61.8 ± 9.8	30.30 ± 5.20	29.30 ± 4.10	DB, PC	Capsule	Probiotics mixture of (Bifidobacterium bifidum (2 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Lactobacillus casei (2 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Lactobacillus acidophilus (2 × 10⁹ CFU/day))	12
Hsieh, 2018 [24]	China	22	22	52.3 ± 10.2	55.8 ± 8.6	28.04 ± 4.29	27.53 ± 3.15	DB, PC	Capsule	Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 (4 × 10⁹ CFU/day)	36
Kobyliak, 2018 [41]	Ukraine	31	22	52.2 ± 1.7	57.18 ± 2.06	34.70 ± 1.29	35.65 ± 1.57	DB, PC	NR	Probiotics mixture of (Lactococcus (6 × 10¹¹ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium (1 × 10¹¹ CFU/day), Propionibacterium (3 × 10¹¹ CFU/day), Acetobacter (1 × 10⁷ CFU/day))	8
Sato, 2017 [28]	Japan	34	34	64.0 ± 9.2	65.0 ± 8.3	24.20 ± 2.60	24.60 ± 2.60	DB, PC	Fermented milk	Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (4 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day)	16
Mobini, 2017 [42]	Sweden	14	15	64.0 ± 6.0	65.0 ± 5.0	32.30 ± 3.40	30.70 ± 4.00	DB, PC	Tablet	Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day)	12
Firouzi, 2017 [29]	Malaysia	48	53	52.9 ± 9.2	54.2 ± 8.3	29.20 ± 5.60	29.30 ± 5.30	DB, PC	Powder	Probiotics mixture of (6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis)	12
Feizollahzadeh, 2017 [32]	Iran	20	20	56.9 ± 8.1	53.6 ± 7.2	26.68 ± 3.18	26.58 ± 3.24	DB, PC	Soy milk	Lactobacillus planetarum A7 (2 × 10⁷ CFU/day)	8
Tonucci, 2017 [47]	Brazil	23	22	51.8 ± 6.6	51.0 ± 7.2	27.49 ± 3.97	27.94 ± 4.15	DB, PC	Fermented milk	Probiotics mixture of (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 (1 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (1 × 10⁹ CFU/day))	6
Bayat, 2016 [31]	Iran	20	20	54.1 ± 9.5	47.0 ± 9.3	28.77 ± 4.59	29.75 ± 4.66	PC	Yogurt	NR	8
Ostadrahimi, 2015 [48]	Brazil	30	30	NR	NR	28.89 ± 4.77	27.47 ± 3.55	DB, PC	Fermented milk	Bifidobacterium animalis HN019 2.7 (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day)	8
Hove, 2015 [45]	Denmark	23	18	58.5 ± 7.7	60.6 ± 5.2	29.20 ± 3.80	27.70 ± 3.30	DB, PC	Fermented milk	Lactobacillus helveticus Cardi04 (NR)	12
Tajadadi-Ebrahimi, 2014 [36]	Iran	27	27	52.0 ± 7.2	53.4 ± 7.5	29.80 ± 5.70	30.50 ± 4.10	DB, PC	Bread	Lactobacillus Sporogenes (3 × 10⁸ CFU/day)	8
Shakeri, 2014 [35]	Iran	26	26	52.3 ± 8.2	53.1 ± 7.5	29.50 ± 5.70	30.60 ± 4.10	DB, PC	Bread	L. Sporogenes (1.2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day)	8
Mohamadshahi, 2014 [34]	Iran	22	22	53.0 ± 5.9	49.0 ± 7.1	28.36 ± 4.14	29.22 ± 3.20	DB, PC	Yogurt	Probiotics mixture of (Lactobacillus acidophilus (1.11 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium lactic (1.11 × 10⁹ CFU / day))	8
Jung, 2014 [30]	Korea	21	20	63.3 ± 9.2	60.2 ± 8.5	25.90 ± 4.12	25.60 ± 3.13	DB, PC	Milk	probiotics mixture of (Lactobacillus acidophilus (3 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Lactobacillus casei (1.8 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium lactis (9.6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), Streptococcus thermophilus (NR))	8
Judiono, 2014 [26]	Indonesian	36	36	NR	NR	NR	NR	PC	Milk	Probiotics mixture of (lactic acid bacterias (2 × 10⁹ CFU/day), and other 34 beneficial heal -thy probiotic bacterias (NR))	4
Mazloom, 2013 [38]	Iran	16	18	55.4 ± 8.0	51.8 ± 10.2	27.97 ± 3.81	27.24 ± 2.73	SB, PC	Capsule	Probiotics mixture of (Lactobacillus acidophilus (NR), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (NR), Lactobacillus bififi dum (NR), Lactobacillus casei (NR))	6
Asemi, 2013 [11]	Iran	27	27	50.5 ± 9.8	52.6 ± 7.1	31.61 ± 6.36	30.17 ± 4.23	DB, PC	Capsule	probiotics mixture of (L. acidophilus (2 × 10⁹ CFU/day), L. casei (7 × 10⁹ CFU/day), L. rha -mnosus (1.5 × 10⁹ CFU/day), L. bulgaricus (2 × 10⁸ CFU/day), Bifidobacterium breve (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day), B. longum (7 × 10⁹ CFU/day), Streptococcus thermophilus (1.5 × 10⁹ CFU/day))	8
Hosseinzadeh, 2013 [40]	Iran	42	42	46.8 ± 6.2	45.7 ± 6.1	30.00 ± 4.40	29.90 ± 4.70	DB, PC	Tablet	NR	12
Ejtahed, 2012 [37]	Iran	30	30	50.9 ± 7.7	51.0 ± 7.3	28.95 ± 3.65	29.14 ± 4.30	DB, PC	Yogurt	Probiotics mixture of (Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 (2.2 × 10⁹ CFU), Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (1.8 × 10⁹ CFU), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (NR), Streptococcus thermophilus (NR))	6

P, probiotic group; C, control group; DB, double-blinded; PC, placebo-controlled; SB, single blinded; NR, not reported; CFU, colony-forming units

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