Association of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones with hyperuricemia through obesity in the euthyroid population

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the participants

	Overall	Normouricemia	Hyperuricemia^e	P value
Participants, No	30,857	24,342	6515
Age, mean (SD), y	47.3 (13.3)	47.2 (13.1)	47.7 (14.1)	0.003
Sex
Female	11,826 (38.3)	10,692 (43.9)	1134 (17.4)	< 0.001
Male	19,021 (61.7)	13,650 (56.1)	5381 (82.6)	< 0.001
Educational level
Primary	2823 (9.1)	2230 (9.2)	593 (9.1)	0.085
Secondary	21,920 (71.0)	17,352 (71.3)	4568 (70.1)
Tertiary	6114 (19.8)	4760 (19.6)	1354 (20.8)
Active physical activity^a	12,352 (40.0)	9719 (39.9)	2633 (40.4)	0.484
Current smoking	7949 (25.8)	5979 (24.6)	1970 (30.2)	< 0.001
Current drinking	15,930 (51.6)	12,211 (50.2)	3719 (57.1)	< 0.001
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m^{2 b}	25.3 (3.5)	24.8 (3.4)	27.1 (3.5)	< 0.001
Hypertension^c	6564 (21.3)	4621 (19.0)	1943 (29.8)	< 0.001
Diabetes^d	3167 (10.3)	2493 (10.2)	674 (10.3)	0.824
TSH, median [IQR], mIU/L	1.9 [1.4, 2.7]	1.9 [1.4, 2.7]	2.0 [1.4, 2.7]	0.613
FT4, median [IQR], pmol/L	15.8 [14.3, 17.4]	15.8 [14.2, 17.4]	16.0 [14.4, 17.6]	< 0.001
UA, mean (SD), μmol/L	340.3 (89.6)	306.9 (63.0)	464.9 (59.0)	< 0.001

SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, TSH thyrotropin, FT4 free thyroxine, UA uric acid
SI conversion factors: To convert FT4 to ng/dL divided by 12.871
^aActive physical activity refers to having moderate or intense exercise ≥ 80 min a week
^bBMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. BMI data were available for 28,153 participants
^cHypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or self-reported diagnosis history of hypertension or use of any anti-hypertensive medication
^dDiabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or self-reported diagnosis history of diabetes or using any glucose-lowering medication
^eHyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid ≥ 360 μmol/L in females and ≥ 420 μmol/L in males or the use of uric acid-lowering medications

ISSN: 1479-5876