Fig. 8
From: Mitochondrial DNA induces nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis via the TLR9-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis
Mitochondrial DNA induces nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis via the TLR9-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis. Graphical abstract of the critical roles of mtDNA via mPTP opening release into the cytoplasm and TLR9-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis-dependent NPCs pyroptosis in IVDD. a In IVDD, mtDNA via mPTP opening release into the cytoplasm triggered TLR9-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis-dependent NPCs pyroptosis. b The antagonist of mPTP opening (CsA) and TLR9 (E6446) mitigated NPCs pyroptosis and IVDD by inhibiting the TLR9-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis