Table 1 Agents that mediate cancer progression in TC by regulating autophagy
From: The new insights into autophagy in thyroid cancer progression
| Â | Agent | Cells | Molecular axis | Outcome | Effect | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autophagy inducer | OSU-53 | PTC (BCPAP), ATC (C643, SW1736, HTh-7, Hth-104) | / | Proliferation↓ | Inhibition | [56] |
PCNP | PTC (TPC1), ATC (ARO) | PCNP → Wnt/β-catenin → autophagy induction | Apoptosis↑; proliferation↓ | Inhibition | [54] | |
LHPP | PTC (K1, BCPAP, TPC1) | LHPP → AKT/mTOR and AMPK → autophagy induction | Viability, proliferation, migration↓ | Inhibition | [55] | |
GX15-070 | PTC (BHT101), FTC (ML1, FTC236), ATC (C643, SW1736, Hth7) | / | Cell death; viability↓ | Inhibition | [60] | |
DAPK2 | ATC (TTA1) | DAPK2 → autophagy induction → I-κBα degradation → NF-κB activation | Proliferation↑ | Promotion | [64] | |
GANT61 | ATC (SW1736, KAT-18) | GANT61 → TAK1 → AMPK → autophagy induction | Proliferation↑ | Promotion | [66] | |
Autophagy inhibitor | Lys05 or CQ | PTC (MDA-T32, MDA-T68), FTC (FTC-133), ATC (8505c) | / | EMT, migration and invasion, proliferation↓ | Inhibition | [52] |
BIRC7 | PTC (BCPAP) | BIRC7 → BECN1 and ATG5 → autophagy suppression | EMT, migration and invasion↑ | Promotion | [57] | |
CDH6 | PTC (BCPAP, TPC1) | CDH6 → (GABAGAP) → autophagy suppression | cell architecture alteration; EMT↑ | Promotion | [58] | |
LDHA | PTC (BCPAP, TPC1, KTC-1) | LDHA → ATP/ADP ratio → AMPK inhibition → autophagy suppression | EMT, migration and invasion↑, | Promotion | [59] | |
BAG3 | PTC (KPC1, KPC3), ATC (FRO) | / | Apoptosis↑ | Inhibition | [62] | |
FOXK2 | PTC (BCPAP) | / | Proliferation↑ | Promotion | [65] |