Fig. 8

Identification of bacteria contributing to gut microbiota variety in the three groups using LDA and LEfSe. Aa–c LDA of bacteria at the OTU level (LDA > 3.5, heatmap (log10) corresponding to their taxonomy at the phylum, family, and genus levels, respectively. B Cladogram of bacteria at the OTU level (LDA > 3.5). C Kruskal‒Wallis H test bar plot at the genus level. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. n = 5. LDA, linear discriminant analysis; LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size