Fig. 5

Butyrate enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine. A Representative immunohistochemical staining results of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins in the small intestine. B The expression of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins significantly decreased in the small intestine of the T1D group compared with the control group, while it increased in the T1D + NaB group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with the control group. ^##P < 0.01 compared with the T1D group