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Table 2 Associations of metabolome phenotypes with risks of cardiovascular and ocular disease outcomes in the applicative set

From: Metabolomic phenotyping of obesity for profiling cardiovascular and ocular diseases

 

Model 1*

Model 2†

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

Module-I (OE vs. NW)

    

 All-cause mortality

2.20 (1.81, 2.68)

< 0.001

1.68 (1.16, 2.43)

0.006

 CVD-cause mortality

2.41 (2.16, 5.39)

< 0.001

3.55 (1.46, 8.64)

0.005

 Stroke

1.48 (0.95, 2.30)

0.085

1.06 (0.48, 2.33)

0.889

 Heart failure

2.47 (1.66, 3.68)

< 0.001

2.20 (1.04, 4.65)

0.040

 Myocardial infarction

3.47 (2.32, 5.19)

< 0.001

2.47 (1.18, 5.17)

0.017

 Coronary heart disease

2.32 (1.90, 2.83)

< 0.001

1.72 (1.20, 2.46)

0.003

 AMD

1.68 (1.11, 2.53)

0.013

1.96 (1.02, 3.77)

0.044

 Cataract

1.19 (1.00, 1.40)

0.045

1.11 (0.82, 1.50)

0.485

 Glaucoma

1.20 (0.87, 1.66)

0.278

0.95 (0.55, 1.65)

0.865

 Diabetic retinopathy

1.55 (1.03, 2.35)

0.037

1.36 (0.67, 2.77)

0.399

Module-II (UE vs. OB)

    

 All-cause mortality

0.91 (0.77, 1.08)

0.284

0.84 (0.62, 1.14)

0.258

 CVD-cause mortality

1.13 (0.84, 1.53)

0.423

1.09 (0.62, 1.91)

0.771

 Stroke

1.46 (1.02, 2.11)

0.004

1.40 (0.70, 2.82)

0.344

 Heart failure

1.57 (1.26, 1.94)

< 0.001

1.21 (0.81, 1.80)

0.345

 Myocardial infarction

0.84 (0.66, 1.07)

0.149

0.75 (0.49, 1.16)

0.200

 Coronary heart disease

0.91 (0.80, 1.04)

0.169

0.96 (0.75, 1.23)

0.739

 AMD

1.02 (0.69, 1.49)

0.938

0.68 (0.32, 1.41)

0.297

 Cataract

0.82 (0.71, 0.95)

0.009

0.84 (0.63, 1.11)

0.220

 Glaucoma

0.97 (0.70, 1.35)

0.875

1.46 (0.79, 2.70)

0.224

 Diabetic retinopathy

1.06 (0.78, 1.44)

0.721

1.08 (0.60, 1.95)

0.793

  1. BMI: body mass index; OE: metabolome-defined BMI over than actual BMI; NW: normal weight of metabolic BMI; UE: metabolome-defined BMI under than actual BMI; OB: obesity of metabolic BMI; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; AMD: age-related macular degeneration; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval
  2. *Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous), sex (female and male), ethnicity (white/others), and Townsend deprivation index (continuous)
  3. †Model 2: further adjusted for educational attainment (above or below college/university degree), actual body mass index (continuous), systolic blood pressure (continuous); smoking and alcohol drinking status (never/previous/present), physical activity (continuous), total cholesterol (continuous), high-density lipoprotein (continuous), hemoglobin A1c (continuous), serum creatinine (continuous), antihypertensive medications (yes/no), statin medications (yes/no), and healthy diet score (continuous)
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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