Fig. 1

Global cytokine profiling of peripheral blood T cells comparing lung transplantion recipients to healthy control individuals. Cytokine profiles were assessed in 20 individuals with lung transplantation (Tx) and 22 healthy non-immunocompromised (Control) individuals. PBMC were stimulated with PMA/ionomycin and evaluated for production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-4 by CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells by flow cytometry. Comparison plots between subject groups are shown for ratio of CD4⁺:CD8⁺ T cells, percentages of cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2, both IFN-γ and IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, and ratios of IL-2:IFN-γ, IL-10:IFN-γ, and IL-4:IFN-γ are shown. Comparisons with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 by Student t-test) are indicated. All persons had received two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination (without booster vaccination); the transplanted group ranged from 14 to 177 days (mean 83) after vaccination, and the control group ranged 21 to 235 days (mean 127 days) after vaccination