Fig. 4

Combined candidate biomarker panels of plasma and EVs improve diagnostic performance. A Venn diagrams displaying the DEP overlaps (FC > 1.2, p < 0.04) between a single diseased group and the other three groups in plasma, sEVs, and lEVs. B Concentrations of defined biomarker candidates of MASP1, ALCAM, TIMP3, and PTPRJ in plasma, FSTL1 and TRIM21 in sEVs, and TBK1 and MBL2 in lEVs in the validation cohorts. The bottom, top, and middle of the boxplot represent the 25th, 75th percentile, and median, respectively; The whiskers below and above the boxplot indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. C The AUC of the ROC of potential biomarker panels for the four diseases between a single diseased group versus the other three diseased groups or HCs in the validation cohort. AS ankylosing spondylitis-related acute anterior uveitis, BD Behcet's disease uveitis, SCL posterior scleritis, VKH Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, HC healthy control, ROC receiver operating characteristic