Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of postoperative gut microbiota and metabolites changes impaired intestinal motility. The surgical attack will cause gut microbiota disorder and changes in metabolites such as BA, SCFAS and IPA. The changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites can be achieved by (1) inducing DC cells to produce IL-12 and TH1 cells to produce IFN, activating MC and MMs to produce proinflammatory cytokines such as NO, tnf and IL-1 β; (2) it inhibits TPH1 production of 5 HT in EC cells, and 5 HT can regulate the release of neurotransmitters such as sp; (3) directly reduce the activation of receptors on the surface of neurons, such as TLR2/TLR4; (4) directly reduce the activation of neuronal nuclear receptors such as AHR and inhibit the transcription of neurotransmitters