Fig. 2

Low-dose insulin does not affect glycolysis and gut physiology. A WT mice were treated with DSS for 5 days and then were treated with insulin (n = 6 in each group). qPCR analysis of glycolysis-associated genes in murine colon tissues. B–E Mice were pretreated with 2-DG (1 g/kg) (Sigma–Aldrich) intraperitoneally before the administration of insulin (n = 6 in each group). B Body weight changes were monitored daily after DSS administration. C DAI scores and D colon length in all the groups. E Representative images of H&E staining of colon sections from different treatments. F–P Mice were treated with insulin or PBS alone (n = 10 in each group) on days 1, 3 and 5, and then colon tissues were harvested on day 6. F Blood glucose was determined on day 1. G Body weight was monitored daily. H Colon length in PBS- and insulin-treated mice. I Paraffin-embedded sections of PBS- and insulin-treated mouse colons were analyzed by H&E. Scale bar, 100 μm. J Paraffin-embedded sections of PBS- and insulin-treated mouse colons were analyzed by PAS. Scale bar, 100 μm. K–M mRNA expression levels of the indicated genes in the colonic mucosa of PBS- and insulin-treated mice. O Immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in PBS- and insulin-treated mouse colons. Scale bar, 50 μm. P mRNA expression levels of Lgr5 in the colonic mucosa of PBS- and insulin-treated mice. The data represent the mean ± SD. NS, not significant