Fig. 1

Isolation and characterization of DPSCs. A Human DPSCs culture at primary passage (P0), passage 3 (P3), and cell sheet. Scale bar: 200 μm. B Analysis of DPSCs surface markers by flow cytometry. C Alizarin red, D oil red O, and E alcian blue staining of DPSCs after inducing osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm