Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline by sex and incident dementia status in the UK Biobank
Characteristic | Women | Men | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
All women | Women who developed dementia | All men | Men who developed dementia | |
Number of participants, n (%) | 84,610 (97.9) | 1778 (2.1) | 81,078 (97.4) | 2139 (2.6) |
Age, mean (SD), year | 64.0 (2.8) | 65.8 (2.7) | 64.2 (2.9) | 65.8 (2.7) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
 White | 82,300 (97.3) | 1723 (96.9) | 78,890 (97.3) | 2057 (96.2) |
 Asian | 264 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 204 (0.3) | 8 (0.4) |
 Black | 780 (0.9) | 16 (0.9) | 1036 (1.3) | 33 (1.5) |
 Other | 1266 (1.5) | 34 (1.9) | 948 (1.1) | 41 (1.9) |
Education level, n (%) | ||||
 College or University | 19,949 (23.6) | 303 (17.0) | 23,716 (29.3) | 493 (23.0) |
 Upper secondary | 7911 (9.3) | 151 (8.5) | 6990 (8.6) | 174 (8.1) |
 Lower secondary | 22,752 (26.9) | 431 (24.2) | 15,854 (19.6) | 360 (16.8) |
 Vocational | 3635 (4.3) | 66 (3.7) | 8568 (10.6) | 242 (11.3) |
 Other | 30,363 (35.9) | 827 (46.5) | 25,950 (32.0) | 870 (40.7) |
Socioeconomic status, n (%) | ||||
 High | 30,104 (35.6) | 534 (30.0) | 29,933 (36.9) | 700 (32.7) |
 Middle | 29,499 (34.9) | 564 (31.7) | 27,667 (34.1) | 715 (33.4) |
 Low | 25,007 (29.6) | 680 (38.2) | 23,478 (29.0) | 724 (33.8) |
Moderate alcohol consumption, n (%) | 45,434 (53.7) | 842 (47.4) | 48,915 (60.3) | 1,224 (57.2) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
 Never | 48,461 (57.3) | 938 (52.8) | 33,959 (41.9) | 798 (37.3) |
 Former | 30,537 (36.1) | 687 (38.6) | 39,164 (48.3) | 1114 (52.1) |
 Current | 5612 (6.6) | 153 (8.6) | 7955 (9.8) | 227 (10.6) |
Grip strength, mean (SD), nmol/L | 21.3 (5.7) | 19.7 (5.8) | 37.2 (8.1) | 34.3 (8.2) |
Grip strength, n (%) | ||||
 Low | 37,425 (44.2) | 990 (55.7) | 33,886 (41.8) | 1187 (55.5) |
 Middle | 31,432 (37.1) | 570 (32.1) | 29,770 (36.7) | 676 (31.6) |
 High | 15,753 (18.6) | 218 (12.3) | 17,422 (21.5) | 276 (12.9) |
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.9) | 27.6 (5.4) | 27.9 (4.1) | 27.9 (4.4) |
BMI, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Normal weight | 29,567 (34.9) | 609 (34.3) | 18,873 (23.3) | 545 (25.5) |
 Overweight | 34,020 (40.2) | 688 (38.7) | 41,381 (51.0) | 995 (46.5) |
 Obesity | 21,023 (24.8) | 481 (27.1) | 20,824 (25.7) | 599 (28.0) |
Heart disease, n (%) | 3136 (3.7) | 159 (8.9) | 8795 (10.8) | 391 (18.3) |
Stroke, n (%) | 1567 (1.9) | 72 (4.0) | 2525 (3.1) | 157 (7.3) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 39,194 (46.3) | 943 (53.0) | 44,875 (55.3) | 1270 (59.4) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 4295 (5.1) | 195 (11.0) | 7547 (9.3) | 377 (17.6) |
Depression, n (%) | 677 (0.8) | 39 (2.2) | 517 (0.6) | 30 (1.4) |
TC, mean (SD), mmol/L | 7.3 (9.4) | 6.7 (7.4) | 6.5 (8.9) | 5.9 (7.5) |
HDL, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) |
LDL, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.7 (11.4) | 5.5 (11.12) | 5.1 (10.6) | 4.3 (8.8) |
Vitamin D, mean (SD), nmol/L | 50.5 (20.3) | 47.5 (20.5) | 51.5 (20.8) | 48.8 (21.2) |
Vitamin D, n (%) | ||||
 Low | 27,528 (32.5) | 696 (39.1) | 25,297 (31.2) | 821 (38.4) |
 Middle | 22,374 (26.4) | 453 (25.5) | 21,163 (26.1) | 526 (24.6) |
 High | 34,708 (41.0) | 629 (35.4) | 34,618 (42.7) | 792 (37.0) |
AOPE, n (%) | ||||
 APOE e4 non-carrier | 61,557 (72.8) | 746 (42%) | 58,364 (72.0) | 1020 (47.7) |
 APOE e4 carrier | 23,053 (27.2) | 1032 (58.0) | 22,714 (28.0) | 1119 (52.3) |